Artificial digestive systems

Conclusion Although the impact of freeze drying on both the survival rate and heterologous activity of yeasts in the artificial digestive system was found to be adverse, lyophilization appears to be a convenient technique for the dehydration of recombinant S. cerevisiae. Among the tested cryoprotectants, the association of milk proteins and trehalose was the most efficient to maintain the CA4H activity of... 

Blanquet, S., Meunier, J. P., Minekus, M., Marol-Bonnin, S., and Alric, M. (2003), Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a P450 in artificial digestive systems A model for biodetoxication in the human digestive environment, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 2884-2892. 

Oomen et al. (2003) defined 4 steps in the oral bioavailability of chemicals present in contaminated soils to man soil ingestion, mobilization from soil during digestion (i.e., bioaccessibility), absorption from the intestinal lumen, and first-pass effect. An in vitro model of the human digestive system was used to study the uptake of chemicals from ingested soil. When an artificial soil, spiked... 

Sucrose polyester (SUE-krose pol-ee-ESS-ter) is an artificial fat available under the trade names of Olestra or Olean . The sucrose polyester molecule is quite large and cannot be absorbed or digested by the human digestive system. Since it cannot be digested, it provides no calories to one s diet. The compound is used primarily as an additive in snack treats targeted at people on a diet. 

The benefit of being able to sense deflections, generate energy, and modulate stiffness may have substantial impacts on the use of dielectric elastomers as artificial muscles in robotic and prosthetic applications. The DE elements could act as artificial analogs of natural muscle, sensory systems, and digestive systems. A robot consisting of DE elements should therefore someday be capable of controlled motion without the need for additional sensors, and self-sustainability without requiring and an external source of electricity. 

Recently, controlled transport of small objects has become one of the hot topics in many areas of science and engineering including chemistry, physics, biology, etc. Small objects such as particles with self-propelled motion are being actively studied, which may be the beginning of a new research trend. The autonomous transport by chemomechanical locomotion of the gel reported here is based on a different principle from the systems which have been reported so far. Potential applications to artificial intestines, artificial digestive tracts, etc. can be expected. Furthermore,... 

X Decreased cellulose digestion, reduced volatile fatty add formation, and inhibition of proteolysis have been observ in artificial rumen systems. 

Provided the stoichiometry n is secured by supplementary noncalorrmetric evidence and, furthermore, is unperturbed by high concentrations of the interaction partners, an analysis of the statistical error allows some recommendations to be made for parameter adjustment to optimize the precision [24], Hence, under these prerequisites (which admittedly seldom apply in artificial host-guest systems) the enthalpy AH and association constant Kassoc can be determined to less than 1% relative error in a broad range (10 < Kassoc < 10 valid for AH, too, when Kassoc > 30 just following a simple recipe [23] (i) Use no more than 10 injections of the titrant solution (ii) set the final molar ratio in accord with the empirically determined Eq. (3.8), but not smaller than 1.1 where c is as defined in Eq. (3.7) this requires a crude estimate of the binding constant Kassoc- Table 3.1 lists the digest of... 

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