Microbial dehalogenation

Dolfing J (2003) Thermodynamic considerations for dehalogenation. In Haggblom MM, Bossert ID (eds) Dehalogenation microbial processes and environmental applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston... 

Field J.A. (2003). Biodegradation of Chlorinated Compounds by White Rot Fungi. In M.M. Haggblom and I.D. Bossert (Eds.). Dehalogenation Microbial Processes and Environmental Applications. Kluwer Academic, pp. 159-204. 

Haggblom MM, Bossert ID (2003) Dehalogenation. Microbial Processes and Environmental Applications. Kluwer, Dordrecht... 

Lee HS, Lee K. (2001). Bioremediation of diesel-contamiaated soil by bacterial cells transported by electrokinetics./oMr aZ of Microbiology and Biotechnology 11(6) 1038-1045. Liu W-K, Brown MRW, Elliott TSJ. (1997). Mechanisms of the bacterial activity of low amperage electric cnrrent (DC). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 39 687-695. Lbffler FE, Cole JR, Ritalathi KM, Tiedje JM. (2003). Diversity of dechlorinating bacteria. In Dehalogenation. Microbial Processes and Environmental Applications (eds. MM Haggblom, ID Bossert). Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 53-89. 

Dolfing J. (2003). Thermodynamic considerations for dehalogenation. In Dehalogenation Microbial Processes and Environmental Applications (eds. MM Haggblom, ID Bossert). Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 89-113. 

Mohn, W. W. Tiedje, J. M. Microbial Reductive Dehalogenation. Microbial Review 1992. 56,482-507. 

Gruden C., Fu Q. S., Barkovskii A. L., Albrecht I. D., Lynam M. M., and Adriaens P. (2003) Dechlorination of dioxins in sediments catalysts, mechanisms, and implications for remedial strategies and dioxin cycling. In Dehalogenation Microbial Processes and Environmental Applications (eds. M. M. Haggblom and I. D. Bossert). Wiley, pp. 347—372. 

Copley, S. D. Aromatic dehalogenases Insights into structures, mechanisms and evolutionary origins. In Dehalogenation Microbial Processes and Environmental Applications. Haggablom M. M., Bossert, I. D. (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers USA, 2003, pp. 51-98. 

Slater JH, AT Bull, DJ Hartman (1997) Microbial dehalogenation of halogenated alkanoic acids, alcohols and alkanes. Adv Microbial Physiol 38 133-174. 

Bedard DL, HM van Dort, KA Deweerd (1998) Brominated biphenyls prime extensive microbial rednc-tive dehalogenation of Arochlor 1260 in Housatonic River sediment. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 1786-1795. 

Mohn WW, JM Tiedje (1992) Microbial reductive dehalogenation. Microbiol Rev 56 482-507. 

Lee MD, JM Odom, RJ Buchanan (1998) New persectives on microbial dehalogenation of chlorinated solvents insights from the field. Annu Rev Microbiol 52 423 52. 

Maule A, Plyte S, Quirk V. 1987. Dehalogenation of organochlorine insecticides by mixed anaerobic microbial populations. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 27 229-236. 

Some examples of dehalogenation of pesticides are shown in Fig. 6, indicating the microbial conversion of DDT, Lindane, and Dalapon to non-toxic products such as DDE, 2,3,4,5,6-penta-chloro-l-cyclohexene, and pyruvic acid, respectively. 

Several factors govern the transport and fate of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediment/water environments microbially mediated reactions and sorption are major processes affecting the fate of these compounds in aquatic systems [166,366-368]. Aryl halides have been shown to undergo microbially-mediated dehalogenation under anaerobic conditions [38, 52, 68, 105, 116,... 

For example, chloroanilines and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners have been shown to alter by microbially-mediated reductive dehalogenation in sediment/water systems, yielding less chlorinated congeners [38,48,52,68,105, 116,119,369-371]. 

To elucidate the fate of these compounds at sediment-water interfaces, sediment/water mixtures (Lake Macatawa, Holland, MI) were spiked with DCB and incubated at 20 °C for 12 months under anaerobic conditions [72]. Dehalogenation of DCB to benzidine appeared to take place through a transient intermediate, 3-monochlorobenzidine (Fig. 27), which was observed in time-course analyses of the sediment/water mixtures. No metabolites were observed in autoclaved samples, suggesting that dehalogenation of DCB in anaerobic sediment/water systems was mediated by microbial activity. The product of dehalogenation (benzidine, Fig. 27) is more toxic to humans than the parent compound, DCB. From sediment/water distribution experiments, DCB showed greater affinity for the sediment phase than its non-chlorinated derivative,... 

Yang, Y., Pesaro, M., Sigler, W., and Zeyer, J., 2005, Identification of microorganisms involved in reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes in an anaerobic microbial community. Water Res. 39 3954-3966. 

A project at the University of Arizona (FEDRIP 1996) will study microbial dehalogenation of several compounds, including chloroform. A major part of the study will focus on the facultative anaerobic bacteria Shewanella putrefaciens sp., which is known to catalyze the transformation of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform and other as yet unidentified products. The organic substrates will also contain metals. It is hoped that the end-products from the biochemical treatment can be subjected to a photolytic finishing process that will completely mineralize any remaining halogenated compounds. 

Biological. Microbial degradation of trichloroethylene via sequential dehalogenation produced cis- and /ra/3s-l,2-dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride (Smith and Dragun, 1984). Anoxic microcosms in sediment and water degraded trichloroethylene to 1,2-dichloroethylene and then to vinyl chloride (Barrio-Lage et al., 1986). Trichloroethylene in soil samples collected from Des Moines, lA anaerobically degraded to 1,2-dichloroethylene. The production of 1,1-dichloroethylene was not observed in this study (Kleopfer et al., 1985). 

Beurskens, J.E.M., Dekker, C.G.C., van der Heuvel, H., Swart. M., de Wolf, and Dolfing, J. Dehalogenation of chlorinated benzenes by an anaerobic microbial consortium that selectively mediates the thermodynamic and most favorable reactions,... 

Jacobson, S.N. and Alexander, M. Enhancement of the microbial dehalogenation of a model chlorinated compound, AppL Environ. Microbiol., 42(6) 1062-1066,1981. 

Maule, A., Plyte, S., and Quirk, A.V. Dehalogenation oforganochlorine insecticides by mixed anaerobic microbial populations, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 27(2) 229-236, 1987. 

Suflita.J.M., Robinson, J.A., andXiedje.J.M. Kinetics of microbial dehalogenation of haloaromatic substrates in methanogenic environments. Appl Environ. Microbiol, 45(7) 1466-1473,1983. 

This imperfect binding specificity principle also helps us to understand why chemicals called competitive inhibitors may block the active sites of enzymes. These inhibitors are structurally like the enzyme s appropriate substrate, enabling them to bind. But these compounds may be somewhat, or even completely, unreactive. Such enzyme inhibition appears to explain the limited microbial dehalogenation of 3-chlorobenzoate in the presence of 3,5-dichlorobenzoate (Suflita et al., 1983). In this case, 3,5-dichlorobenzoate is initially transformed to 3-chlorobenzoate ... 

---