Definitions Anatomy

A uniform definition of a failure and a method of classifying failures is essential if data from different sources are to be compared. The anatomy of a failure includes the initiating or root cause of a failure that is propagated by contributory causes and results in a failure mode—the effect by which a failure occurs or is observed. Modes include failure to operate, no output, failure to alarm on demand. The end result of a failure sequence is the failure effect, such as no fluid is pumped to the absorber, or a tank overflows. As discussed in Appendix A of IEEE Std. 500-1984, only the equipment failure mode is relevant for data that are needed in a CPQRA. The failure model used in this book is based upon those in the IEEE publication and IPRDS. ... 

Both hypo- and hyperparathyroidism have been observed in human beings, and, if the principle of genetic gradients (p. 13) is valid, various intermediate levels of hormone activity will be found in the general population. Although the data on the subject, with the exception of that concerning anatomy, are not definitive, there would seem to be little doubt as to the existence of several-fold variation in the parathyroid activities of "normal" individuals. 

This section reviews basic principles of brain anatomy and function to provide a framework within which to discuss the effect of plants on the CNS. The human nervous system is exceptionally complex, it is the body s major communication system, and is divided into central and peripheral regions. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consists of all other nerves. Although thought processes and reason are most commonly associated with the CNS, almost every aspect of physiological function is affected by CNS activity. After all, Brain death is widely accepted as the definition of the end of human life 10). The follow description of CNS anatomy and physiology can be foimd in most text books on the and reviews on the subject 11, 17). 

In a recent review article on the anatomy of autism Amaral et al. (2008) point out that in these studies by Casanova and his colleagues, only 14 cases of autism, 9 of which had seizures and at least 10 with mental retardation, have been examined for minicolumn pathology. Consequently, more studies using a greater number of autistic brains with fewer other complications need to be carried out before any definite conclusions can be reached about changes that can only be attributed to autism. It would also be appropriate to examine brains in which the apical dendritic clusters and myelinated axon bundles have been stained to confirm the sizes of the minicolumns as detected in digitized images from autistic brains. 

Virchow never deviated from the concept of disease as phenomenon, independent of its etiology or explanation. The secret of disease, concluded medical popularizer Rene Dubos, appeared to reside in the anatomy of the tissues. It was not only the secret of disease that resided there, its definition did as well. 

Somewhat paradoxically, however, this underlying molecular asymmetry translates to a considerable symmetry of internally and externally expressed biological anatomy. Our visual consideration of this external anatomy translates to an apparent preference for the symmetrical over the asymmetrical as, for example, in the definition and recognition of beauty, possibly because the presentation of such symmetry is an index of biological fitness or quality. ... 

Rowe, in An Anatomy of Risk, gave this definition of risk, which supports Lowrance s definition ... 

Generally, fibers can be defined as objects or materials that have an elongated structure, as shown in Fig. 1.1. There are other definitions according to the field they are used in, such as the textile industry, biochemistry, botany, physiology, and anatomy. With regard to fibers, "nano" refers to the diameter of the fiber. However, libers as less than 1 pm are accepted as nanolibers. In the industiy, it is acceptable to classify fibers up to 500 nm as "nano," whereas some scientists use the term "submicron."... 

In conclusion, thanks to the advent of multidetector technology, CT has allowed the performance of very accurate studies of the pancreatic gland, permitting to obtain a high quality resolution of post-processing techniques, permitting then a precise definition of the entire peri-pancreatic anatomy and thus the... 

To define what we mean by a medical textile, it may be appropriate to use the same approach that has been established for a product qualifying as a medical device. Using this approach, n medical textile is defined as any textile product manufactured with the intention to be used to diagnose, prevent, monitor, treat or alleviate disease, to compensate an injury or handicap, to investigate, replace or modify the anatomy or a physiological process, or to control conception. This definition taken from the European Medical Device Directive (its U.S. counterpart is issued by the Food and Drug Association [FDA]) is made from a regulatory perspective and specifies what criteria medical devices need to fulfil to make them safe to use and make it possible to sort out... 

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