Defined benefit

The BPD defines biocides as materials intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, prevent the action of or otherwise exert a controlling effect on harmful organisms. Moreover, as indicted within Annex VI (paragraph 89) the biocidal product must he shown to give a defined benefit in terms of the level, consistency and duration of control or protection or other intended effects during normal use. Efficacy is therefore defined within the directive as the ability of a biocidal product to fulfill the label claims made for it on the proposed label. While there appears to be no official guidance of what constitutes an efficacy claim for the 23 product types the UK draft TGD tentatively listed the parameters that could constitute such a claim. For illustrative purposes the suggested claims are summarised in Table 1 below. 

Therapy, in the short term, is with intravenous unfractionated or subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin. Aspirin, given in low doses between 50 and 100 mg per day, is sufficient to diminish platelet-vessel interaction. Alternatives include 100-200 mg of sulphinpyrazone once or twice a day or dipyridamole where 100 mg four times a day can be used on its own or between 25 and 75 mg combined with aspirin three times a day. More recently thiopy-ridines, as a class, has been shown to have equivalence at 250 mg twice a day. In hyperhomocysteinaemia the risk is reduced by 5 mg of folate and 100 mg of vitamin Bg daily, with addition of oral vitamin Bi2 of less clearly defined benefit. The effect of this intervention requires re-assay at 3-monthly intervals, following standard methionine challenge, to ensure that suitable suppression has been achieved in the plasma amino acid level (Table 5). 

Pension Plan The firm offers a pension plan to qualified employees. In this case, in order for a Y to appear, the editors believe that the employer offers a defined benefit or cash balance pension plan (see discussions below).The type and generosity of these plans vary widely from firm to firm. Caution Some employers refer to plans as pension or retirement plans when they are actually 401(k) savings plans that require a contribution by the employee. 

Defined Benefit Pension Plans Pension plans that do not require a contribution from the employee are infrequently offered. However, a few companies, particularly larger employers in high-profit-margin industries, offer defined benefit pension plans where the employee is guaranteed to receive a set pension benefit upon retirement. The amount of the benefit is determined by the years of service with the... 

Lubrizol offers its employees benefits including tuition reimbursement life, business travel accident and long-term disability insurance a 401 (k) plan a defined benefit pension plan and medical, dental and prescription drug coverage. 

Phase III Definitive safety and efficacy in patients to define benefit-to-risk relationship and to confirm the dose-response relationship (therapeutic confirmation). 

Welfare entitlements of US citizens are established by law thereby raising a rational expectation42 to receive an expressly defined benefit.43 Such entitlements are... 

In some pension plans several employers contribute to a single fund, usually to cover unionized workers. These plans are not relevant to North American chemists, who have no union. The pertinent and also commonplace arrangement calls only for a single company to contribute to one pension fund, which may include a defined-benefit or defiried-ccmtrihutian scheme. Some corporate pension plans include elements of both these schemes, so it s vital to understand them and the differences between them. 

Defined-benefit pension plans. If, in retirement, you receive from your former employer a fixed monthly payment, your pension exemplifies the defined-benefit type. The structure of such a plan makes your employer legally responsible for implementing all of it. It requires the company but not the employee to make a minimum annual contribution, which comes from investments. The employer must make up any investment losses to maintain its annual contribution. It may not end the plan without sufficient assets to provide the promised benefits, and its obligation to continue payments to employees survives bankruptcy. The Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, which is wholly owned by the U.S. government, secures payments to employees who participate in defined-benefit schemes. Consequently, participants can never exhaust their benefits while they live, and their spouses may continue to receive pension payments after the participants die. Regular lifetime payments are important features of defined-benefit pension plans, about two-thirds of which disallow lump-sum distributions at retirement (Kehrer, 1995). 

PARTICIPATION, VESTING, ELIGIBILITY, AND SERVICE. Three significant dates and an interval figure in defined-benefit pension plans. 

ACCRUAL OF BENEFITS. Entitlements accrue slowly in defined-benefit pension plans, with most of them coming late in an employee s working lifetime. A representative plot of pension entitlements versus age appears in Figure 8-5. Such a rate tends to keep vested participants working for a single employer for a long time, although the steep rise in pension credits does make early retirements possible. 

Figure 8-5 Present value of a typical defIned-benefIt pension plan (Source I. G. Kastrinsky, Employee Benefits Journal,...

Defined-contribution pension schemes take three main forms, which are 401k, profit-sharing, and money-purchase plans. Some employers supplement them with defined benefit plans, employee stock purchase plans, or stock options. 

From a consumer standpoint, the overall goal of supporting organic agriculture is to stimulate sustainable production and consumption patterns. Consumers International (Cl) expects at least an annual growth of 10% of this sector however, 20% should be the aim. Cl also expects organic agriculture to provide a number of well-defined benefits to consumers. 

Present results to company leadership, define benefits and get commitment for investments. 

Participation is Defined Contribution and Defined Benefit Retirement Plans... 

Among all workers, participation in defined benefit plans has fallen while participation in defined contribution plans has risen. In defined benefit plans, companies promise to pay workers a specified amount in retirement benefits. In defined contribution plans, companies promise to contribute a specified amount, but make no assurance as to the final payout. Among all workers, there has been a decrease in the percentage covered by defined benefit ( payout ) plans and an increase in the percentage covered by defined contribution ( pay in ) plans. For more and more workers, this means that risk — in terms of steady retirement income — has been transferred from the employer to the eventual retiree (Figure A4.8). 

A) in the case of a defined benefit plan, the cessation of an employee s benefit accrual, or the reduction of the rate of an employee s benefit accrual, because of age, or... 

In the case of any employee who, as of the end of any plan year under a defined benefit plan, has attained normal retirement age under such plan—... 

A) The terms employee pension benefit plan , defined benefit plan , defined contribution plan , and normal retirement age have the meanings provided such terms in section 1002 of this title [section 3 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of1974]. 

I) In general—An applicable defined benefit plan shall be treated... 

I) In general— The term applicable plan amendment means an amendment to a defined benefit plan which has the effect of converting the plan to an applicable defined benefit plan. 

II) Special rule for coordinated benefits—If the benefits of 2 or more defined benefit plans established or maintained by an employer are coordinated in such a manner as to have the effect of the adoption of an amendment described in subclause (I), the sponsor of the defined benefit plan or plans providing for such coordination shall be treated as having adopted such a plan amendment as of the date such coordination begins. 

IV) Applicable defined benefit plan— For purposes of this subparagraph, the term applicable defined benefit plan has the meaning given such term by section 1053(f)(3) of this title [section 203(f)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974]. 

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