Deep ulceration

Stress-related mucosal damage occurs most frequently in critically ill patients and is thought to be caused by factors such as compromised mesenteric perfusion rather than HP or NSAIDs. Its onset is usually acute, and in a small proportion of patients may progress to deep ulceration and hemorrhage. 

Gen His general appearance is that of an obese male with tenderness and pain in the region of the non-healing skin ulcer Skin Large, deep ulcer with purulent drainage on his left... 

Signs and Symptoms High fever coughing thick nasal discharge rapidly spreading, deep ulceration of the nasal mucosa submaxillary lymph nodes swollen and painful nodules on the skin, abdomen, and lower limbs death in 1-2 weeks. In the cutaneous form, the lymphatics are enlarged and nodular abscesses ("buds") of 0.5-2.5 cm develop, which ulcerate and discharge yellow oily pus. 

In contact with the eyes, the liquid produces severe burns, which may result in permanent damage and visual impairment. On the skin, the liquid or concentrated vapor produces immediate, severe, and penetrating burns concentrated solutions cause deep ulcers and stain the skin a bright yellow or yellowish-brown color.Dilute solutions of nitric acid produce mild irritation of the skin and tend to harden the epithelium without destroying it. 

The effects of potassium hydroxide are similar to those of other strong alkalies such as sodium hydroxide. The greatest industrial hazard is rapid tissue destruction of eyes or skin on contact either with the solid or with concentrated solutions. Contact with the eyes causes disintegration and sloughing of conjunctival and corneal epithelium, corneal opacification, marked edema, and ulceration. After 7-13 days, either gradual recovery begins or there is progression of ulceration and corneal opacification, which may become permanent. If potassium hydroxide is not removed from the skin, severe burns with deep ulceration will occur. 

On the skin, solutions of 25-50% cause the sensation of irritation within about 3 minutes with solutions of 4%, this does not occur until after several hours. Under occlusion a 0.12% solution was irritating after 1 hour. If not removed from the skin, severe burns with deep ulceration will occur. Exposure to the dust or mist may cause multiple small burns with temporary loss of hair. ... 

Both anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas and hydrofluoric acid are highly corrosive and dangerous. Skin contact by even dilute aqueous HF can be severely injurious, causing deep ulceration with delayed effect. The acid can penetrate the skin and destroy tissues. It also is damaging to eyes, nose and lungs. Inhalation can cause fluorosis and pulmonary edema. 

Balantidium coli is the largest of the protozoans that infect humans. The trophozoite form is covered with cilia, which impart mobility. Infection is acquired through the ingestion of cyst-contaminated soil, food, or water. The trophozoite causes superficial necrosis or deep ulceration in the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine. Otherwise healthy persons commonly exhibit nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, whereas debilitated or nutritionally stressed patients may develop severe dysentery. 

The groups consisted of 3-4 Sprague-Dawley female rats (160-180g). Each experiment was repeated at least twice and the results of those groups were pooled. The dopamine agonists MDO-NPA and NPA were injected sc once daily for seven days prior to the administration of cysteamine HC1 (Aldrich) 28 mg/100 g po three times with 3 h intervals. The dopamine antagonists NCA and (+)butaclamol were injected sc three times, 30 min before each dose of cysteamine. The animals were killed 48 h after the duodenal ulcerogen. The intensity of duodenal ulcer was evaluated on a scale of 0-3, where 0 = no ulcer, 1 = superficial mucosal erosion, 2 = transmural necrosis, deep ulcer, 3 = perforated or penetrated duodenal ulcer. 

Potassium hydroxide is a corrosive irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. The solid and solutions cause burns, often with deep ulceration. It is very toxic on ingestion and harmful on inhalation. Observe normal handling precautions appropriate to the quantity and concentration of material handled. Gloves, eye protection, respirator, and other protective clothing should be worn. 

Risks Corrosive to body tissue, causing burns and deep ulceration. Irritant and harmful as dust. If ingested causes severe internal irritation and damage. 

During World War I, mild conjunctivitis accounted for 75% of the eye injuries complete recovery took 1-2 weeks. Severe conjunctivitis with minimal corneal involvement, blepharospasm, edema of the lids and conjunctivae, and orange-peel roughening of the cornea accounted for 15% of the cases recovery occurred in 2-5 weeks. Mild corneal involvement with areas of comeal erosion, superficial comeal scarring, vascularization, and iritis accounted for 10% of the cases convalescence took 2-3 months. Lastly, severe corneal involvement with ischemic necrosis of the conjunctivae, dense comeal opacification with deep ulceration, and vascularization accounted for about 0.1% of the injuries convalescence lasted more than 3 months. Only 1 of 1016 mustard casualties surveyed after World War I received disability payments for defective vision (Gilchrist, 1926b). 

HEALTH SYMPTOMS inhalation (irritates nose and throat, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness) contact (bums, blisters, deep ulcers, severe eye damage) ... 

Piaggesi A, Baccetti F, Rizzo L, Romanelli M, Navalesi R, Benzi L. Sodium carboxyl-methyl-cellulose dressings in the management of deep ulcerations of diabetic foot. Diabet Med 2001 18 320-324. 

Fluorine Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a by-product of aluminum production by electrolysis cind the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Although in water HF is a weak acid, it s extremely toxic. HF poisoning causes deep ulceration or scarring of body tissue with a delayed effect, slowly replacing calcium in bodily tissue (flesh and bones). There s no pain at first because it s a weak acid, but when the calcium in the bones starts to be replaced by the more electronegative fluorine it feels similar to growing pains, and may be too late. Merely five-minute iexposure to 10,000 ppm concentration in the air is fatal to humans. 

Fig. 19.9. a Sonography of the jejunal GIST. An oval-shaped tumor with a deep ulcer is demonstrated. The tumor is well demarcated and the contour of the tumor is smooth, b Color Doppler ultrasound of the tumor shows the rich vascularity, c Contrast-enhanced ultrasound reveals the rich perfusion with a focal perfusion defect inside the tumor (asterisk), d Endoscopic feature of the tumor. A submucosal tumor with a deep ulcer at the center is demonstrated... 

A 60-year-old woman with metastatic rectal cancer who was given bevacizumab, irino-tecan, 5-fluouracil, and leucovorin developed dysphagia with solid food after 3 cycles. Endoscopy showed a large deep ulcer iu the lower third of the esophagus [100 ]. 

Kuniyuki S, Oonishi H (1997) Chemical burn from acetic acid with deep ulceration. Contact Dermatitis 36 169-170... 

Skin A 26-year-old applied topical glutaral to a plantar wart for 5 months and developed deep ulceration [10 ]. 

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