Corneal opacification

Glacial (100%) acetic acid caused severe injury when applied to the eyes of rabbits in humans it has caused permanent corneal opacification. A splash ofvinegar (4-10% acetic acid solution) in the human eye causes immediate pain and conjunctival hyperemia, sometimes with injury of the corneal epithelium. ... 

The effects of potassium hydroxide are similar to those of other strong alkalies such as sodium hydroxide. The greatest industrial hazard is rapid tissue destruction of eyes or skin on contact either with the solid or with concentrated solutions. Contact with the eyes causes disintegration and sloughing of conjunctival and corneal epithelium, corneal opacification, marked edema, and ulceration. After 7-13 days, either gradual recovery begins or there is progression of ulceration and corneal opacification, which may become permanent. If potassium hydroxide is not removed from the skin, severe burns with deep ulceration will occur. 

Therapeutic uses. Because of their narrow therapeutic margin, antiarrhythmics are only employed when rhythm disturbances are of such severity as to impair the pumping action of the heart, or when there is a threat of other complications. Combinations of different antiarrhythmics are not recommended (e.g., quinidine plus verapamil). Some agents, such as amiodarone, are reserved for special cases. This iodine-containing substance has unusual properties its elimination half-life is 50-70 days depending on its electrical charge, it is bound to apolar and polar lipids, stored in tissues (corneal opacification, pulmonary fibrosis) and it interferes with thyroid function. 

Figure 26-35 Alkali chemical burn resulting in (A) symblepharon and (B) corneal opacification. (Courtesy of Pat Caroline.)...

In four patients, accidental corneal exposure to Hibiclens (4% chlorhexidine formulated with a detergent) resulted in keratitis, with severe and permanent corneal opacification (19). 

Concentrations of silver nitrate of 5-50% applied accidentally to the eye have caused severe injuries with permanent corneal opacification and cataract in some cases (25). 

Direct contact with phenol crystals, concentrated solutions or vapors (45 ppm) causes serious damage to the eyes hyperalgesic chemical conjunctivitis, severe iritis, and possibly corneal opacification with loss of vision and edema of the eyelids. In some cases of poisoning through direct accidental eyelid contact, the seriousness of the injury to the eyelids has required surgery. ... 

During World War I, mild conjunctivitis accounted for 75% of the eye injuries complete recovery took 1 to 2 weeks. Severe conjunctivitis with minimal corneal involvement, blepharospasm, edema of the lids and conjunctivae, and orange-peel roughening of the cornea accounted for 15% of the cases recovery occurred in 2 to 5 weeks. Mild corneal involvement with areas of corneal erosion, superficial corneal scarring, vascularization, and iritis accounted for 10% of the cases convalescence took 2 to 3 months. Lastly, severe corneal involvement with ischemic necrosis of the conjunctivae, dense corneal opacification with deep ulceration, and vascularization accounted for about 0.1% of the injuries convalescence lasted more than 3 months. Of 1,016 mustard casualties surveyed after World War I, only 1 received disability payments for defective vision.10... 

A. Elemental metallic copper is poorly absorbed orally and is essentially nontoxic. However, Inhalation of copper dust, or metallic fumes created when welding or brazing copper alloys may cause chemical pneumonitis or a syndrome similar to metal fume fever (see p 259). Metallic copper dust in the eye (chalcosis) may lead to corneal opacification, uveitis, ocular necrosis, and blindness unless the dust is removed quickly. 

Fish-eye disease (FED) was detected in a Swedish kindred. Severe corneal opacification and a marked reduction of HDL and Apo A-I are its major features [5]. Studies on the genome have failed to detect any significant alterations [27]. FED, similarly to the A-I-Milano mutant, is characterized by the presence of very small HDL particles. By gradient gel electrophoresis, subjects with FED show HDL of 3b-3 c mobility, vs... 

Eyes 1. Chronic conjunctivitis 2. Corneal opacification 3. Corneal ulcerations and erosions 4. Stromal scarring 5. Limbal pigmentation 6. Limhal stem cell deficiency 7. Neovascularization (torted vessels)... 

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