Thermal decomposition, explosives

Flammable Liquid, Corrosive, Poison SAFETY PROFILE A poison by skin contact and ingestion. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Ingestion of even small amounts can be fatal. A skin and severe eye irritant. Inhalation of a small amount can cause immediate lachrymation, coughing, choking, and respiratory distress. Death may result from pulmonar) edema which may not appear for several hours after exposure. A dangerous fire and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat, spark, or flame. Self-reactive. Iron salts may catalyze a potentially explosive thermal decomposition. Incompatible with water, iron, metal salts, acids, alkalies, amines, alcohols. Stable under refrigeration below 20°, but one reference (1973) reports that it has exploded while stored in a refrigerator. Present-day formulations appear to be more stable. Temperatures above 20° can cause decomposition. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. 

CRAG HERBICIDE (136-78-7) C4H3Cl20CH2CH20S03Na Contact with strong oxidizers or strong acids may cause fire and explosions. Thermal decomposition releases very toxic fumes of chlorides and sulfur oxides. 

CH3)3Si(N3) -95 +96 Burns without explosion thermal decomposition above 300°C 71,262... 

A(-Nitration and A(-nitrosation reactions afford 1,5-diazocanes (43 X = H, Y = NO, NO2 X = NO, Y = N02 X = Y = N0, NOj) <87MI 924-03, 88MI 924-02), and the explosive thermal decomposition of these derivatives has been extensively examined both experimentally <87MI 924-05, 91MI 924-03) and theoretically <91MI 924-01, 92JEM287). 

Properties Explosive, thermal decomposition >127°C Sensitive to hydrolysis... 

Ruthenium is a hard, white metal and has four crystal modifications. It does not tarnish at room temperatures, but oxidizes explosively. It is attacked by halogens, hydroxides, etc. Ruthenium can be plated by electrodeposition or by thermal decomposition methods. The metal is one of the most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium, and is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistance. A ruthenium-molybdenum alloy is said to be... 

Polyurethanes. These polymers can be considered safe for human use. However, exposure to dust, generated in finishing operations, should be avoided. Ventilation, dust masks, and eye protection are recommended in foam fabrication operations. Polyurethane or polyisocyanurate dust may present an explosion risk under certain conditions. Airborne concentrations of 25—30 g/m are required before an explosion occurs. Inhalation of thermal decomposition products of polyurethanes should be avoided because carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide are among the many products present. 

Thermal Decomposition of GIO2. Chloiine dioxide decomposition in the gas phase is chaiacteiized by a slow induction period followed by a rapid autocatalytic phase that may be explosive if the initial concentration is above a partial pressure of 10.1 kPa (76 mm Hg) (27). Mechanistic investigations indicate that the intermediates formed include the unstable chlorine oxide, CI2O2. The presence of water vapor tends to extend the duration of the induction period, presumably by reaction with this intermediate. When water vapor concentration and temperature are both high, the decomposition of chlorine dioxide can proceed smoothly rather than explosively. Apparently under these conditions, all decomposition takes place in the induction period, and water vapor inhibits the autocatalytic phase altogether. The products of chlorine dioxide decomposition in the gas phase include chlorine, oxygen, HCl, HCIO, and HCIO. The ratios of products formed during decomposition depend on the concentration of water vapor and temperature (27). 

Electrostatic spark discharge and ignition during charging of solids resulting in possibility of fire/explo-sion. Potential for explosion to start a thermal decomposition of reaction mass. 

Reactivity (instability) information Acceleration rate calorimetry Differential thermal analysis (DTA) Impact test Thermal stability Lead block test Explosion propagation with detonation Drop weight test Thermal decomposition test Influence test Self-acceleration temperature Card gap test (under confinement) JANAE Critical diameter Pyrophoricity... 

Specific Volume of Gases Formed on Explosion. 723ml/g (NG 712ml) (Ref 46) Stabilization. Chromatographically pure Mannitol Hexanitrate was mixed with varying percentages of 22 stabilizers and the mixts tested for stability in the 100° heat test best results were obtained with a mixt of 96% MHN, 2% Amm oxalate, and 2% dicyandiamide (4.07% wt loss after 48 hours, 5.74% after 96 hours) (Ref 56). The use of ethylene oxide as a stabilizer is reported in Ref 27 Thermal Decomposition. Slow heating causes decompn at 150° with evolution of red fumes (Ref 20, p 249)... 

Thermal Decomposition And Combustion Processes With Explosives , Explosivst 10, 229—... 

A more detailed investigation of the thermal behavior of the exploding [ ]rotanes by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements performed in aluminum crucibles with a perforated lid under an argon atmosphere revealed that slow decomposition of exp-[5]rotane 165 has already started at 90 °C and an explosive quantitative decomposition sets on at 150 °C with a release of energy to the extent of AH(jecomp = 208 kcal/mol. Exp-[6]rotane 166 decomposes from 100°C upwards with a maximum rate at 154°C and an energy release of AH(jg on,p=478 kcal/mol. The difference between the onset (115°C) and the maximum-rate decomposition temperature (125-136°C) in the case of exp-[8]rotane 168 is less pronounced, and AHjecomp 358 kcal/mol. The methy-... 

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