Decals

Adhesives. Acryhc emulsion and solution polymers form the basis of a variety of adhesive types. The principal use is in pressure-sensitive adhesives, where a film of a very low T (<—20 " C) acrylic polymer or copolymer is used on the adherent side of tapes, decals, and labels. Acrylics provide a good balance of tack and bond strength with exceptional color stabiUty and resistance to aging (201,202). AcryUcs also find use in numerous types of constmction adhesive formulations and as film-to-film laminating adhesives (qv). 

Injection-molded articles can be decorated by in-mold labeling or by post-mold decoration. In the former method, printed film is inserted into the mold cavity before injection. The plastic forms an intimate contact with the graphic material. Post-mold decoration includes hot stamping, dry offset printing, and decal printing. 

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on acrylic, natural rubber and silicone are employed primarily for ease of application. To name Just a few applications, PSAs bond decals to surfaces, interior decorative surfaces to interior panels, interior trim pieces in place directly or hook and loop tape for the same purpose, structural shims in place during manufacturing and acoustic (sound deadening) materials to body skin interior surfaces. Tape products with pressure-sensitive adhesive on one or both surfaces are used for such functions as cargo compartment sealing, as a fluid barrier to prevent spills and leaks in the lavatories and... 

ChevronTexaco Decal Chemical Degussa-Huls (Geiiuany)... 

Tlie addition of organociiprates to diital decaliti etiotie systems has been explored in tlie context of steroid syntliesis. For tlie addition of litliium dimetliylciiprate to etiones 28, 31, and 34, tlie major diastereomer obtained can eas dy be predicted by employment of a qualitative confotniational analysis fSclieme 6.6) [11-13]. Tlius,... 

These are usually self-adhesive, precut, printed patterns on a substrate that are simply adhered to the surface of a product. Decals generally use a transparent plastic film while labels are usually on an opaque plastic, metallic and multilayer sandwich base. Labels of sufficient thickness are useful for hiding unavoidable appearance problems such as gate and sprue removal areas, sink marks, blushes, splays, and weld lines. 

Trurja decal ins prefer a double bond in the position (41) as the otiierring iias a better Chair conformation. The CO Mo group is equatorial in (41),... 

Figure 3 Comparison of decal in conversion over proton-form zeolites (filled) and Pt-zeolites (open). H-Beta-25 ( , ), H-Beta-75 (, O), H-Y-l 2 (A, A).

Figure 4 Product distribution over A) H-Beta-25 and B) PL/H-Beta-25. Product groups Tians-deeulin ( ), ori-decaliti ( ), Iso (A), ROP ( ), CP ( ), mid HP ( ).

Mechanisms of the formation of the decal ins in the recovered solvent were based on their isotopic contents. The cis-Decalin-die had a greater protium content than the recovered Tetralin-di2-This suggested that hydrogen transfer from the coal to the tetralin is involved in the formation of cis-Decalin. 

The NMR spectrum of the spent solvent from E10 is shown in Figure 3. Tetralin and naphthalene absorption peaks are evident in this spectrum, and the peaks at positions 1, 2 and 3 are due to decal ins and in part to methylindan and n-butylbenzene. Methyl in-dan and n-butylbenzene were detected and analyzed by GC-MS. In Figure 3, the large difference in amplitude between the Har Hx and Hj absorptions of Tetralin show that protium was incorporated to a greater degree into the position than into the other positions. The spectrum also shows that the H absorption of the naphthalene in the spent solvent is much more intense than the absorption. 

The isotopic composition of the Decal ins in the spent solvents is indicative of the mechanisms of their formation. A total of 6 hydrogen atoms are added to the Tetralin to form Decal in. In E10, during the course of the experiment, the average protium concentration in the Tetralin increased from 2.3 to 21.3 atom % 1H. The protium content of 34 atom % 1H in the cis-Decalin was greater than the protium content in the Tetralin. Likewise in El9, the protium content in the Tetralin increased from 1.0 to 12.3 atom% H, while the cis contained 18.8 atom % 1H. This increase of pro-... 

An investigation of the isotopic composition of the Decal ins, which were formed as minor products in the donor solvent experiments, showed that cis-Decalin was formed preferentially. Its formation and its increased protiurn incorporation may have resulted from increased contact with the coal surface. Trans-Decal in contained less protiurn than the Tetralin, which suggests that most of the trans-Decalin was formed with deuterium from the Tetralin-di2 and deuterium gas. 

Childs, W. R. Nuzzo, R. G. 2002. Decal transfer microlithography A new soft-lithographic patterning method. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 124 13583-13596. 

TATON, M., BENVENISTE, P., RAHIER, A., N-[(l,5,9)-tnmethyl-decyl]-4a,10-dimethyl-8-aza-trans-decal-3P-ol A novel potent inhibitor of 2,3-oxidosqualene cycloartenol and lanosterol cyclases, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1986, 138, 764-770. 

The nanostructured thin-film electrode was first developed at 3M Company by Debe et al. [40] and Debe [41], who prepared thin films of oriented crystalline organic whiskers on which Ft had been deposited. The film was then transferred to the membrane surface using a decal method, and a nanostructured thin-film catalyst-coated membrane was formed as shown in Figure 2.10. Interestingly, both the nanostructured thin-film (NSTF) catalyst and the CL are nonconventional. The latter contains no carbon or additional ionomer and is 20-30 times thinner than the conventional dispersed Pt/ carbon-based CL. In addition, the CL was more durable than conventional CCMs made from Pt/C and Nation ionomer [40]. 

Wilson, M. S. Membrane catalyst layer for fuel cells. US Patent 5,234,777,1993. Xie, J., Garzon, R, Zawodzinski, T., and Smith, W. Porosimetry of MEAs made by "thin film decal" method and its effect on performance of PEFCs. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2004 151 A1841-A1846. 

The thallium trinitrate-mediated ring contraction of frani-decal-2-ones has opened up a new route to the hydrindane system, and fluorinative ring contraction of cyclic alkenes to afford difluorocycloalkanes has been induced by iodotoluene difluoride and EtsN-HF. A possible mechanism is shown in Scheme 78. The double bond of the cyclohexene ring is attacked by iodotoluene difluoride activated by HF from the axial direction, followed by the addition of a fluoride ion from the trans direction. Reductive elimination of iodotoluene from the resulting adduct, ring contraction and the addition of the fluoride ion to the carbocation stabilized by fluorine then take place to give the ring-contracted difluorinated product. 

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