Deadly force

Does making it easier for law-abiding citizens to carry concealed weapons deter criminals Will it increase the number of traffic, barroom, or other confrontations that escalate to deadly force If both, does the benefit of the first effect outweigh the cost of the latter ... 

Izumi, Michael T. In Self Defense The Legal, Ethical and Tactical Use of Deadly Force. Concord, N.H. Police Bookshelf, 1995. Although designed as a practical handbook for persons who want to be able to defend themselves with a firearm, this book also shows the potential complexity of such situations including possible legal consequences. 

Of course, there is no guarantee that all dreams will be ecstatic. In point of fact, they are considerably more likely to be hellish than heavenly. A temporarily lost wallet is not the most diabolical experience I have had in dreams. Deadly force is worse (as in those thankfully rare attacks by dream dive-bombers), but anxious uncertainty about who, what, when, and where is the rule and it sometimes rises to—and remains at—panic level. 

My definition of a weapon is any method of overcoming an enemy. It may involve simply outthinking him with a good mind, harrassing him with dirty tricks, thwarting him with legal machinations or eliminating him with deadly force. 

Of all the compounds discussed in this book, riot control agents are perhaps the most scrutinized by the public. In civilian life, law enforcement agencies use riot control agents in civil disturbances, riots, or to avoid using deadly force. The military commonly uses them in training. The symptoms described below, therefore, will be familiar to most military personnel. 

Note that no assumption on the potential type of external loading was Introduced In the development of Eqs. (4), (5) and (7). These equations were Illustrated In [5] using a simple model, an elastic cantilever beam attached to a rigid foundation, and subjected to a transverse force Q and a longitudinal force P (Fig. 3). The force P Is taken In two variants a dead force = 0) and a follower force ( = - 8v/8x). Deflections v(x) are assumed small, and the tip zone Is absent. 

A drawback of this approach is that it typically generates enormous and imwieldy synthesis trees which contain a large number of dead-end branches which are not worth further consideration. Furthermore, the chemist is forced to follow a rigid scheme during the planning process, alternating between the application of transforms, the derivation of new precursors, and again the application of further transforms to these precursors. 

Depth filters are usually preferred for the most common type of microfiltration system, illustrated schematically in Figure 28. In this process design, called "dead-end" or "in-line" filtration, the entire fluid flow is forced through the membrane under pressure. As particulates accumulate on the membrane surface or in its interior, the pressure required to maintain the required flow increases until, at some point, the membrane must be replaced. The useful life of the membrane is proportional to the particulate loading of the feed solution. In-line microfiltration of solutions as a final polishing step prior to use is a typical apphcation (66,67). 

Live and dead loads generate hoop forces in the area of the roof-to-sheU junction for a tank having a cone roof. For dead loads plus Hve loads, the roof-to-sheU junction is assumed to carry most of the tensile forces generated. The minimum area required is computed assuming that the membrane force transmitted to the roof-to-sheU junction varies with the sine of the angle of the roof ... 

Polymers used for seat and plug seals and internal static seals include PTFE (polytetrafluoroeth ene) and other fluorocarbons, polyethylene, nylon, polyether-ether-ketone, and acetal. Fluorocarbons are often carbon or glass-filled to improve mechanical properties and heat resistance. Temperature and chemical compatibility with the process fluid are the key selec tion criteria. Polymer-lined bearings and guides are used to decrease fric tion, which lessens dead band and reduces actuator force requirements. See Sec. 28, Materials of Construction, for properties. 

The thermodynamic dead volume would be that of a small molecule that could enter the pores but not be retained by differential interactive forces. The maximum retention volume was recorded for methanol and water which, for concentrations of methanol above 10%v/v, would be equivalent to the thermodynamic dead volume for small molecules viz, about 2.8 ml). It is interesting to note that there is no significant difference between the retention volume of water and that of methanol over the complete range of solvent compositions examined, which confirms the validity of this... 

The trajectory followed by water in a filter mass it is not linear. Water is forced to follow the outlines of the grains that delineate the interstices. These changes in direction are also imposed on particles in suspension being transported by the water. This effect leads to the evacuation of particles in the dead flow zones. Centrifugal action is obtained by inertial force during flow, so the particles with the highest volumetric mass are rejected preferentially. 

Proper condensate removal is important. An inverted split cup inside the shell, with the upper capped end above the nozzle and the lower open end -in. above the bottom tubesheet, should be used to cover the oudet nozzle. This can be made by splitting a pipe that is one size larger than the condensate oudet down the centerline. In this case, a 2-in. split is adequate. This cup must be fully seal welded (not tack welded) to force condensate down to the -in. clearance above the bottom tubesheet. A common error is to allow 6 in. or more above the tubesheet for the centerline of the condensate oudet. In this case, 6 in. of tube is 10% of the surface. If the cup is not used, add 10% more tubes to correct for the dead liquid space near the bottom. This is in addidon to the 10% safety factor. 

The derrick or mast must also be designed to withstand wind loads. Wind loads are imposed by the wind acting on the outer and inner surfaces of the open structure. When designing for wind loads, the designer must consider that the drill pipe or other tubulars may be out of the hole and stacked in the structure. This means that there will be loads imposed on the structure by the pipe weight (i.e., setback load) in addition to the additional loads imposed by the wind. The horizontal forces due to wind are counteracted by the lattice structure that is firmly secured to the structure s foundation. Additional support to the structure can be accomplished by the guy lines attached to the structure and to a dead man anchor some distance away from it. The dead man anchor is buried in the ground to firmly support the tension loads in the guy line. The guy lines are pretensioned when attached to the dead man anchor. 

Equation 4-9 remains unchanged by the initiation of hook motion (i.e., the force in the dead line is the same under static or dynamic conditions). The mechanical advantage (ma) under dynamic conditions is... 

When a voltaic cell operates, supplying electrical energy, the concentration of reactants decreases and that of the products increases. As time passes, the voltage drops steadily. Eventually it becomes zero, and we say that the cell is dead. At that point, the redox reaction taking place within the cell is at equilibrium, and there is no driving force to produce a voltage. 

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