Datura leaves

Chang SS, Wu ML, and Deng JF (1999) Poisoning by Datura leaves used as edible wild vegetables. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 41(4) 242-245. 

Datura inoxia is an annual invasive weed grown in India, and used as a medicinal plant for therapeutic purposes. Datura leaves and flowers are the source of drug which is used in... 

Apollo in his temple at Delphi. Here the priestess of the god Pythia sat on a tripod uttering incoherent words in a divine ecstacy, in reply to the questions that were asked. Pythia was intoxicated by the fumes from burning datura leaves her replies were interpreted by a priest in the form of a verse. The more common uses of datura were for robbery or conspiracy. Indian courtesans were knovmto place datura in their visitors wine, so that they could be robbed without interference. As recently as 1908, there was a plan to poison the European garrison in Hanoi in Vietnam using datura. Those in the conspiracy intended to stupefy the soldiers, and then to kill them. 

A comparison between TLC-densitometry and HPLC for the determination of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in Datura leaves, fruits and seeds has been studied (120 ). ... 

If we accept the 0.5 milligram ratio of atropine to a quarter gram of datura leaves, the previously recommended dose of two grams would contain about 4 mg. of this alkaloid. It is unfortunate that the quoted source doesn t state how much scopolamine might be contained in two grams of raw material, since scopolamine is the alkaloid most responsible for datura s deleriant properties. 

Datura tatula and Datura stramonium are Solanaceae plants from the North American continent, and now grow naturally in various places in Japan. Leaves of these plants are known as Datura leaves or Mandala leaves and contain (—)-hyoscyamine.They are used as materials for producing atropine sulfate. 

Janardhanan, K. K., and Hussain, A. (1983). Studies on isolation, purification and identification of tenuazonic acid, a phytotoxin produced by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing leaf blight of Datura innoxia Mill. Mycopathologia 83,135-140. 

Nepal. Decoction of the leaf is taken orally by adults as an anthelmintic" """. The powdered leaf is mixed with cattle feed as a treatment for diarrhea " " . For headache, the dried leaves are ground with Datura stramonium leaves and Picrorhiza schrophu lariflora stem and water then applied externally" " ". The leaf juice is used externally as an antiseptic, as a hemostat on cuts and wounds, and to treat swelling of sprained joints" "". The seeds are crushed, mixed with curd, and taken orally for dysentery" """. Decoction of the seed is taken orally as an anthelmintic" ". To aid in parturition, 2 teaspoonfuls of powdered seeds... 

Datura alba Nees. D. fastuosa L. var. alba Clark D. innoxia Mill. D. metel L. D. stramonium L. D. talula L. Man Tu Luo (Jimsonweed) (leaf, seed, flower) Scopolamine, hyoscyamine, daturodiol, daturolone, hyoscine.33-144 450 This herb is toxic. Spasmolytic, analgesic, antiasthmatic, antirheumatic agent. A general anesthetic for major operations. 

Datura suaveolens Humb. Bonpl. ex Willd. San Hu Shu (leaf, seed) 1-hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, anisodine, anisodamine.53- Antispasmodic, bronchodilator. 

The on-line coupling of CE with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) allows high separation efficiency together with high sensitivity and selectivity as well as molecular structural information. A CE-UV-ESI-MS method was developed for the analysis of hoscyamine, scopolamine, and other tropane derivatives [131]. The differentiation of hyoscyamine from littorine, commonly encountered in plant material, was demonstrated using in-source collision-induced dissociation. The developed method was applied to the analysis of these alkaloids in Belladonna leaf extract and in Datura Candida x D. awreahairy root extract. Recently, CE coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection has been used for the determination of atropine and scopolamine in Flos daturae [132]. 

FOLIA DATURAE QUASI OLIA AUREA — Leaves like Gold-leaf... 

Hairy roots of Datura innoxia, Duboisia hybrid M-II-8-6, Scopolia tangutica and the Hyoscyamus species were established by the co-culture method using their leaf discs with A. rhizogenes 15834. In addition, H. albus was transformed with A. rhizogenes strain MAFF 03-01724 [15]. 

Datura inoxia (Solanaceae) Little leaf India Raj et al. (2009)... 

Raj, S.K., Snehi, S.K., Kumar, S., Khan, S. (2009). First finding of Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (16SrVI group) associated with little leaf disease of Datura inoxia in India. Plant Pathology, 18 (http //www.bspp.org.uk/publications/new-disease-reports/volumes.php/). 

STRAMONIUM LEAF, Stramonii folium is the dried leaf of Datura stramonium X., family Solanaceae, with violet flowers and spiny capsule. Originally from Central America it is now spread globally in warm regions. The alkaloid content is 0.2-0.6%, with L-hyoscyamine and L-scopolamine found in the ratio 2 1 in mature plants. 

It is now generally recognized that the most intensively studied alkaloids (nicotine in tobacco hyoscyamine in Datura, Atropa, and Hyoscyamus) are produced in quantity in the roots of intact plants, though other sites of formation are not entirely excluded. A fully developed tobacco leaf does not elaborate nicotine, but it has not yet been proved that this almost cosmopolitan alkaloid is produced only in the roots in all other plants. 

Tropane alkaloids. It is probable that hyoscyamine-like alkaloids are formed in shoots of Atropa and Datura and in ripening seeds of the latter (246, 267). Grafts of Datura on tomato yielded unidentified alkaloids, and Atropa grafts on tomato yielded ouscohygrine (268). Grafts of Nicotiana tabacum L. on Duboisia myoporoides yielded very little hyoscine or hyosoyamine but some nicotine and nornicotine and more than the normal amount of tropine (269). It was concluded that tropine and scopine are formed in the root and esterified in the leaf. Romeike (270) observed that leaves of Datura ferox L. can transform hyosoyamine into hyoscine. 

Kuganathan N, Saminathan S, Muttukrishna S (2008) Toxicity of Datura alba leaf extract to aphids and ants, fritemet J Toxicol 5 2... 

Pramod KK, Singh S, Jayabaskaran C (2009) Expression of hyoscyamine 6P-hydroxylase in the root pericycle cells and accumulation of its product scopolamine in leaf and stem tissues of Datura metel L. Plant Sci (Shannon, Irel) 178 (Copyright (C) 2012 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.) 202-206. doi 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.11.004... 

Recent Misuse. Unfortunately, in the past decade reports on the misuse of such crude magic drugs by youths and young adults in Europe increased with often fatal psychiatric complications after intoxication with, e.g., Atropa spp., Brugmansia spp.. Datura spp., Hyoscyamus spp., Mandragora spp. (Gopel and Marcus 2000). Thus, e.g., self-made tea from leaf and flower of angel s trumpet caused psychotic and comatous condition of two patients (Dinkel and Bedner 2001). 

A racemic mixture of hyoscyamine, the principal tropane alkaloid of Belladonna herb (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) or stramonium leaf (Datura stramonium) used in medicine when temporary reversible muscarinic blockade is needed, for example, to overcome bradycardia, as an antidote for overdose of cholinergic drugs or cholinesterase poisoning. 

Datura metel Solanaceae Leaf, Flower Hyoscyamine, hyoscine and meteloidine Dabur (2004)... 

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