Data mining definition

Applications of molecular descriptors are as diverse as their definitions. The important classes of applications include QSAR and/or QSPR, similarity, diversity, predictive models for virtual screening and/or data mining, data visualization. We will discuss briefly some of these applications in the next sections. 

Data mining of chemical databases is still at its very early stage. Nevertheless, as a result of the data explosion in pharmaceutical industry, it is expected that data mining techniques will play an increasingly important role in the drug discovery process. Future studies may include, for example, the definition of chemical space, the validation of various algorithms (206), and the representation of extremely large virtual databases (207). 

Phase IV studies can also take the form of retrospective pooled analyses which are designed to reflect the totality of clinical research experience with a new drug which is usually obtained via analysis of pooled clinical trial databases. Such data-mining efforts should not be considered inferior to data obtained from the conduct of an individual clinical trial. In fact, there are substantial benefits of such an approach, as the results of a given trial, especially if the end point is not prespecified to be primary because of power limitations, can be a function of chance. To assure that the results obtained from pooled analyses are not biased, a prespecified data analysis plan is often formulated as the first step, outlining the clear goals of the proposed analysis as well as its methodology. Key to this type of analysis is the definition of the outcome measure. Both efficacy and safety measures can be the focus of these types of analyses. 

Using the PRIME meta model, situations were then defined, based on the detected signal deviations. In an initial step, generic definitions were used to detect a large number of temporarily grouped deviations, called situation instances. To form abstract situations out of the instances, methods of data mining had to be employed. 

B Definition of the term lead structure C Definition of the term data mining and 132... 

The isotopic distribution of lead (IDMS) in shed teeth from children has been shown to be useful in studies of the history of exposure to lead, including the definition of the source of the exposure, e.g., mine dust vs. food (Gulson and Wilson 1994), so IDMS certainly has important applicability, if not for routine determinations. ICP/MS, however, is easier, more sensitive, allows for multi-element analysis, and provides isotopic data. 

Although additional analyses of the existing data and additional experiments are required to reach definitive conclusions on the phase changes of ferrihydrite in uranium mine tailings, preliminary XRD data suggest that in deionized water at elevated pH (pH=10) phase transformation of ferrihydrite can occur at elevated temperatures. In both elevated temperature experiments, hematite appeared to be the dominant transformation product. At room temperature, however, ferrihydrite remains stable after the duration of the experiment (seven days). 

First of all both solutions, the acid mine water and the groundwater, are defined in the PHREEQC input file and mixed applying the keyword MIX. Then this solution is saved as solution 3 (SAVE SOLUTION) and the job is finished by END. A second job follows, which uses again SOLUTION 2 (groundwater) and SOLUTION 3 (1 1 diluted water) via the key word USE, once again mixes both solutions 1 1, and saves the result as SOLUTION 4, etc. SELECTED OUTPUT facilitates the further data processing in EXCEL by providing the pH values and the molalities of all uranium species. The key word itself has to be repeated for every job, as well as the definition of the desired parameters pH and molalities. 

Given the current desire of management to be able to mine data and see trends across studies and the availability of PK/PD repository systems (which we discuss more fully later), the first and foremost operating procedure requirement in pharmacometrics is the definition of key metadata that describes the process flow. Metadata, from the information science perspective, is simply information that describes data that is, where the data goes, what the data is, and what possible... 

Figure 4 summarizes the available resource data for PGMs and platinum. The assumptions and definitions underlying the reported data are critical to selection of values for the resource prediction. The increase in South African resources is based on the revised estimate by G. Cawthom (2001). Technology advances now allow mining to greater depths, and Cawthom s increased resource amount assumes a depth of 2 kilometers in all areas of South Africa. The geology of the South African deposits is well characterized and can be extrapolated with confidence. 

The quantity of work to be done must be defined by the appropriate time period, which could be by as little as a 15-minute interval for cashiers and as long as a day for paper mills. For continuous process industries, such as chemical plants and some mining processes, the definition of what is needed is relatively easy to determine. Even so, the work must be defined by the hour and day of the year to allow for maintenance and shutdowns for holidays. There are many other industries that also have a well-known stable demand for work profile—for example, prisons, long-term health care facilities, and many manufacturing systems, such as assembly lines. At the other end of the scale are situations such as retad outlets and telephone operators, that have a demand that varies constantly during the day, and from day to day, and from season to season. Many of the organizations with such a fluctuating demand pattern have a detailed data bank of historic data, usually by the 15-minute interval. These data can be used to predict the work requirements for future time periods. 

Coal mine water inrush source data reference standard set, get the recognition of the false positive rate and false negative rate. The affinity between antibody and antigen is defined with the false positive rate and false negative rate. The formula for the definition ... 

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