Data, format processing

The CIF file format was quickly and widely adopted by the scientific community for at least two reasons [165J it was, and still is, endorsed by the lUCr and submission of data to the journal Acta Ciystallographka, Section C in a form conforming to CI F assures faster processing and hence faster publication of accepted papers. The current CIF file dictionary defines about 1200 data names, but it is still unable to represent all the details of the crystallographic measurements of macromolecules. Thus, yet another STAR-based data format is needed. 

According to an elegant remark by Davies [5], "Modem scientific data handling is multitechnique, multisystem, and manufacturer-independent, with results being processed remotely from the measuring apparatus. Indeed, data exchange and storage are steps of the utmost importance in the data acquisition pathway. The simplest way to store data is to define some special format (i.e., collection of rules) of a flat file. Naturally, one cannot overestimate the importance of databases, which are the subject of Chapter 5 in this book. Below we discuss three simple, yet efficient, data formats. 

Other excellent summaries describing what is known of the formation processes and geological setting of these deposits have also been assembled (30—32). Listings of nodule compositions for these and other areas have been compiled (33,34). Eor many sites these data are available as computer databases (qv) maintained by the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, Colorado. 

The SMAC data format is identical for all programs numbers are written with decimal points and are separated by commas the format can be imported into word-processing and spread-sheet programs under the. dat or the. txt option. 

Manually processing each chromatographic peak is not only time and labor intensive but difficult to reproduce. To overcome these problems and to provide a consistent data format that was independent of retention time, a number of data-processing subroutines were automated to produce a single representative cellular protein spectrum. 

B) up-down HMBC pulse sequence inverting BCH and 13CH3 peaks relative to the standard sequence. (C) up-down + HMBC pulse sequence inverting 13CH and 13CH3 peaks relative to the standard sequence and in the opposite sense to the up-down sequence. The data of the different pulse sequences are recorded in an interleaved manner. After formation of the required two linear combinations in the time domain, the data are processed in the same way as other HMBC-type data. 

These chemical and kinematical data will help to characterize the bulge populations and provide clues to its formation processes. 

Fluorescence Rise and Decay Curves. Both monomer and excimer fluorescence decay curves of the unirradiated film are nonexponential and the excimer fluorescence shows a slow rise component. This behavior is quite similar to the result reported for the PMMA film doped with pyrene. (23) A delay in the excimer formation process was interpreted as the time taken for the two molecules in the ground state dimer to form the excimer geometry. Dynamic data of the ablated area observed at 375 no (monomer fluorescence) and 500 nm (exciner fluorescence) are shown in Figure 5. When the laser fluence increased, the monomer fluorescence decay became slower. The slow rise of the excimer fluorescence disappeared and the decay became faster. 

There are many details of a safe harbor that would have to be worked out, including the format for the safe-harbor presentation of data, the process for submitting such data, and the procedure for regulatory review. 

The new formatting process will support health information management technologies and accelerate the process of label changes. Thus, advancing the time it takes to get to the information to physician and patients. This process is only required for labeling sections or data information that has changed. 

In 1976 he was appointed to Associate Professor for Technical Chemistry at the University Hannover. His research group experimentally investigated the interrelation of adsorption, transfer processes and chemical reaction in bubble columns by means of various model reactions a) the formation of tertiary-butanol from isobutene in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst b) the absorption and interphase mass transfer of CO2 in the presence and absence of the enzyme carboanhydrase c) chlorination of toluene d) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Based on these data, the processes were mathematically modelled Fluid dynamic properties in Fischer-Tropsch Slurry Reactors were evaluated and mass transfer limitation of the process was proved. In addition, the solubiHties of oxygen and CO2 in various aqueous solutions and those of chlorine in benzene and toluene were determined. Within the framework of development of a process for reconditioning of nuclear fuel wastes the kinetics of the denitration of efQuents with formic acid was investigated. 

Given query gene expression data, discretize gene expression values using the same procedure as that employed in the above database formatting process. Use the same degree and thresholds to discretize query data as that used in the database discretization. 

Data in either format must first be converted into a form that WIN-NMR understands before any processing steps may be performed with either ID WIN-NMR or 2D WIN-NMR. ID WIN-NMR and GETFILE include tools for converting both data formats into this WINNMR format. 2D WIN-NMR converts 2D data files in the UXNMR/ XWINNMR format - but not in the DISNMR format - automatically (see section 2.7.2). 

In many cases the NMR fascilities in universities and industry are equipped with spectrometers manufactured by companies other than Bruker/Spectrospin. The NMR data from Varian (Gemini and Unity), JEOL (Alpha, GX, EX and Lambda) and GE spectrometers may also be processed by ID WIN-NMR and 2D WIN-NMR provided that the data is first converted into WIN-NMR data format. The data should be transferred to a PC, preferably via an internal network, and then the appropriate routine in the GETFILE module is used for the conversion. To use this conversion tools a copy protection dongle (WIBU-key) - not delivered with this education package - must be installed on your PC. If you plan to install this option, please refer to the instructions given in the GETFILE manual [2.3] and contact your Bruker/Spectrospin representative. 

Additional data formats (metafiles) to export spectra, parameters or t i ties into word processing or desk top publishing packages are discussed in chapter 4. 

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