Data analysis projective descriptive methods

When compounds are selected according to SMD, this necessitates the adequate description of their structures by means of quantitative variables, "structure descriptors". This description can then be used after the compound selection, synthesis, and biological testing to formulate quantitative models between structural variation and activity variation, so called Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs). For extensive reviews, see references 3 and 4. With multiple structure descriptors and multiple biological activity variables (responses), these models are necessarily multivariate (M-QSAR) in their nature, making the Partial Least Squares Projections to Latent Structures (PLS) approach suitable for the data analysis. PLS is a statistical method, which relates a multivariate descriptor data set (X) to a multivariate response data set Y. PLS is well described elsewhere and will not be described any further here [42, 43]. 

Recent advances in micro-manipulation and hybridization, fluorescence labeling, and large-scale sequencing projects have led to new methods of expression profiling and genome analysis, loosely termed microarray analysis. This is an oblique description for a number of methods that utilize hybridization of labeled complex RNA probes to immobilized nucleotides arrayed at high density on a solid substrate to provide quantifiable data on relative expression levels. 

Referring to Tab. 11.1 (Chapter 11), to be able to evaluate a particulate solid or the mixtures of particles and/or powders, the chemical and, particularly, the physical properties of this material must be known. A description of all the methods and procedures that are available today to completely characterize particulate solids and determine all the quality attributes that are necessary for a meaningful determination of their behavior under different process conditions is a book project in itself Therefore, in the context of this book, only a few will be mentioned. Those selected represent relatively new laboratory equipment that combines the analysis of different powder characteristics in one piece of equipment and/or improve the gathering of data, that is of particular interest for agglomeration. 

The development of rapid sensory profiling methods may have potential consequences on sensory activities themselves, since it broadens the spectrum of available methods and opens way for measurements that were previously not possible. Besides offering new opportunities in the use of sensory data in R D and research projects, this development may also have an organizational impact on sensory services and their relationships with stakeholders. As a result of this evolution, the practice of sensory descriptive analysis certainly becomes richer but also more complex and challenging. 

Once all the data have been evaluated and the PHA worksheet is completed, a formal report should be written documenting the results of the analysis. The narrative report typically includes a summary of all significant findings associated with operational risk. Recommendations for hazard elimination/control are also included in the report as well as suggestions for follow-on analyses. Although not entirely necessary, depending on the nature of the operation, process, or system, it is also useful to include a brief description of the project itself, its purpose and/or function as it relates to overall operations. The PHA/PHL worksheets are usually provided in the report as backup data to verify the report contents. Finally, the PHA report should also include a brief discussion of the methods used to develop the analysis (ETBA, FMEA, checklists, matrices, etc.), so that the reader can validate the report data, if required (Stephenson 1991). 

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