Modeling formation damage

Formation damage caused by clay migration may be observed when the injected brine replaces the connate water during operations such as water-flooding, chemical flooding including alkaline, and surfactant and polymer processes. These effects can be predicted by a physicochemical flow model based on cationic exchange reactions when the salinity decreases [1665]. Other models have also been presented [345,1245]. 

F F Chang and F Civan. Practical model for chemically induced formation damage. 7 Petn / Sci Eng, 17(1-2) 123-137, February 1997. 

B. Ju, Z. Luan, Z. Wu, and G. Lu. A study of removal of organic formation damage by experiments and modeling approaches. In Proceedings Volume. SPE Asia Pacific Oil Gas Conf (Jakarta, Indonesia, 4/17-4/19), 2001. 

Penny, G.S., Conway, M.W., and Lee, W.S. "The Control and Modelling of Fluid Leak-Off During Hydraulic Fracturing," SPE paper 12486, 1984 Formation Damage Symposium, Bakersfield, January. 

Lee, W.S. "Fracture Propagation Theory and Pressure Decline Analysis with Langrangian Formulation for Penny-Shaped and Perkins-Kern Geometry Models," SPE paper 17151, SPE Formation Damage Control Symposium, Bakersfield, February 8-9. 

Roque, C., M. Renard, and N. Van Quy (1994). Numerical model for predicting complex sulfate scaling during waterflooding. Proc. Int. Symp. Formation Damage Control, Feb. 9-10, Lafayette, LA, 429-440. Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), Richardson, TX. 

Many experimental and modeling studies to predict formation damage due to flow of suspension through porous media are discussed in this chapter. Still, there is a room for more research to have deep understanding for such complex problem. 

Modeling formation heterogeneities. Rock heterogeneities such as internal filter cake, or damaged zones, are easily modeled by allowing kr to vary with X. If so, the differential equation d2p(x)/dx2 = 0 no longer applies, as it is derived for constant permeabilities only. Instead, we must consider... 

Fredd, C. N., andM. J. Miller. 2000. Validation of carbonate matrix stimulation models. Paper SPE 58713, presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers International Symposium on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, LA. 

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