Antigen detection using

Dill, K., Montgomery, D.D., Wang, W., and Tsai, J.D., Antigen detection using microelectrode array microchips, Clin. Chim. Acta, 444, 66-78, 2001. 

Ozaki H, Sugita S, Kida H. A rapid and highly sensitive method for diagnosis of equine influenza by antigen detection using immuno-PCR. Jpn J Vet Res 2001 48(4) 191-196. 

La Scolea, L. Diagnosis of paediatric infections using bacterial antigen detection systems. Clin. Microbiol. Newsletter 1998,10,21-23. 

Most immunodiagnostic tests used today for parasitic infections detect antibody. In recent years, the sensitivity and specificity of many such tests have improved. A number of antigen detection tests have recently been described and show promise, but none of these tests are currently available commercially. 

Different lanthanide metals also produce different emission spectrums and different intensities of luminescence at their emission maximums. Therefore, the relative sensitivity of time-resolved fluorescence also is dependent on the particular lanthanide element complexed in the chelate. The most popular metals along with the order of brightness for lanthanide chelate fluorescence are europium(III) > terbium(III) > samarium(III) > dysprosium(III). For instance, Huhtinen et al. (2005) found that lanthanide chelate nanoparticles used in the detection of human prostate antigen produced relative signals for detection using europium, terbium, samarium, and dysprosium of approximately 1.0 0.67 0.16 0.01, respectively. The emission... 

A common application for (strept)avidin-biotin chemistry is in immunoassays. The specificity of antibody molecules provides the targeting capability to recognize and bind particular antigen molecules. If there are biotin labels on the antibody, it creates multiple sites for the binding of (strept)avidin. If (strept)avidin is in turn labeled with an enzyme, fluorophore, etc., then a very sensitive antigen detection system is created. The potential for more than one labeled (strept)avidin to become attached to each antibody through its multiple biotinylation sites is the key to dramatic increases in assay sensitivity over that obtained through the use of antibodies directly labeled with a detectable tag. 

Antigen Detection on Tissues Using Primary Antibody... 

If possible, your primary antibody should not be raised in the same species as the tissue under study, since antigen detection with the use of antibodies on... 

In addition to protein detection using specific antibody/antigen and aptamer/protein interactions, array detection was demonstrated based on nonspecific interactions between the CPE/dye-labeled ssDNA complexes and proteins [103]. The design concept is motivated by the fact that external agents can effectively perturb the electron coupling of optical units within the complex of CPE/ssDNA-C and in turn vary the FRET-induced fluorescence of both CPE (donor) and C (acceptor). Owing to discrepancies in local hydrophobic and charged domains of different... 

All detection systems can be employed following HER and noticeable improvement of most antigen detection will be observed. However, we recommend using sensitive detection systems, such as streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase methods when antigen density is low. 

Finally, an ABC assay system is nice to have available for detecting more than one antibody on an individual specimen. In double-labeling experiments, having two completely different assay systems reduces the chances of crossover reactivity. The first antigen can be detected with the standard ABC procedure, and the second antigen is then detected using the PAP system (see... 

The second strategy uses combinations of different antibodies coupled to fluorochromes with distinct emission maxima (5,9). The most relevant fluoro-chromes for combined antigen detection are fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC abs. max. 494 nm, emiss. max. 517 nm), rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC ... 

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