Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein

Soluble fusion protein that consists of the extracellular domain of human cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) linked to the modified Fc (hinge, CH2, and CH3 domains) portion of human immunoglobulin IgG binds to T lymphocyte antigens CD80 and CD86 thus blocking interaction with CD 28... 

Sutter RW, Prevots DR, Cochi SL (2000) Poliovirus vaccines - progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication and changing routine immunization recommendations in the United States. Pediatr Clin North Am 47(2) 287-308 Therien HM, Lair D, Shahum E (1990) Liposomal vaccine - influence of antigen association on the kinetics of the humoral response. Vaccine 8(6) 558-562 Thones N, Muller M (2007) Oral immunization with different assembly forms of the HPV 16 major capsid protein LI induces neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Virol 369(2) 375-388... 

Schrezenmeier Ff, Ahnert-Hilger G, Fleischer B (1988) AT cell receptor-associated GTP-binding protein triggersTcell receptor-mediated granule exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 141 3785-3790. 

CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes Keapl Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein... 

The T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen (TIA-1) is a cytotoxic granule-associated protein expressed in natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It is expressed regardless of the state of activation of the cell. B-cell malignancies are uniformly negative, while NK cell and some T-cell lymphomas have a granular, cytoplasmic positivity. 

These leukemias may express the cytotoxic granule-associated protein TIA-1, which is normally found in natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes regardless of their state of activation. The tumor cells are commonly EBV infected. 

Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are the primary line of defense against viruses and other intracellular pathogens in the immune system. The cytotoxic lymphocytes recognize infected host cells and kill them with the help of the pore-forming protein perforin and by proteolytic events carried out by members of the granzyme family of serine proteases. Although an essential component of immunity under normal conditions, aberrant cytotoxic lymphocyte activity has been associated with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, or allograft rejection [65],... 

In spite of having no intrinsic catalytic domains, activation of T lymphocytes commences with tyrosine phosphorylations, activation of PLC-v with production of IP3 and DAG, and elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+. Thus, the consequences of receptor ligation are not dissimilar from those induced by the receptors for EGF or PDGF. An early study trying to explain the induction of tyrosine kinase activity resulted in the discovery of the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Lck (p56lck), a T-cell-specific member of the Src family. Lck is associated with the cytosolic tail of CD4 (in helper T cells) or CD8 (in cytotoxic T cells) (Figure 8.14). As mentioned, the extracellular domains of these... 

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