Cytokines granulomatous response

A variety of cytokines and chemokines have been identified to be associated with the evolution of various granulomatous responses, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN-y), growth factors,... 

Standiford TJ, Kunkel SL, Basha MA, Chensue SW, Lynch JP, Toews GB, West-wick J, Stiieter RM. Interleukin-8 gene expression by a pulmonary epithelial cell line a model for cytokine networks in the lung. J CUn Invest 1990 86 1945-1953. Warren KS. The granulomatous response. Immunol Rev 198 261 189-198. Stricter RM, Kunkel SL, ShoweU H, Remick DG, Phan SH, Ward PA, Marks RM. Endothelial cell gene expression of a neutrophil chemotactic factor by TNF, LPS, and lL-1. Science, 1989 243 1467-1469. 

Bergeron A, Bonay M, Kambouchner M, et al. Cytokine patterns in tuberculous and sarcoid granulomas correlations with histopathologic features of the granulomatous response. J Immunol 1997 159(6) 3034-3043. 

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown origin that occurs most commonly in young adults. Pulmonary manifestations occur in more than 90% of patients. Accumulation of CD4 T cells that proliferate in situ spontaneously produces inflammatory cytokines and causes a lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous lesions. The disease is characterized by autoantibodies on erythrocytes (Pilatte et al., 1990), but deregulation of the immune response, in particular the cytokine response, is an alternative explanation to an autoimmune pathogenesis. 

H36.12J clonally derived, C57BL/6N-mouse hybrid precursor macrophages were found useful to evaluate the mechanisms by which Be stimulates macrophage cytokine production, and by which T cell derived IFN-y amplifies TNF-a production in granulomatous disease (Sawyer et d. 2000). The response was maximal at 100 jiM BeS04 and did not occur when 12j cells were stimulated with either aluminium sulphate of cobalt sulphate. Beryllium stimulated the production of 725125 pg/ml TNF-a protein by 12j cells as measured by ELISA of culture supernatants after 24 h. As measured by RT-PCR, Be-stimulated 12j cell TNF-a protein production was accompanied by an increased intracellular TNF-a mRNA at 3 and 24 h. The addition of 10 U or 1(X) U of recombinant-Mu-IFN-y to Be-stimulated 12j cells further increased TNF-a production 1.5-4... 

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