Pulmonary epithelial cells

Foster KA, Oster CG, Mayer MM, Avery ML, Audus KL (1998) Characterization of the A549 cell line as a type II pulmonary epithelial cell model for drug metabolism. Exp Cell Res 243(2) 359-366... 

The second part describes different experimental approaches to simultaneously assess deposition and subsequent absorption of pharmaceutical aerosol formulations, typically by adapting some existing impactor/impinger devices to accommodate pulmonary epithelial cell culture systems. Differences between longtime and low-dose aerosol deposition in environmental toxicology and short time bolus inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosols are elucidated. 

Despite the fact that most of the alveolar surface is composited of alveolar epithelium, three primary types of cells are present in the alveoli type I alveolar cells, type II alveolar cells, and alveolar macrophages. Type I alveolar cells are also referred to as squamous pulmonary epithelial cells and are the continuous lining of the alveolar sac. Type II alveolar cells are also referred to as septal cells. Type II alveolar cells secrete the alveolar fluid that is necessary to keep the surface moist and to maintain surface tension of the alveolar fluid surface tension is necessary to keep the alveoli from collapsing. Alveolar fluid is a suitable environment for proteins when compared to the low pH and high protease levels associated with the intestine... 

Haidaris, P. J. (1997). Induction of fibrinogen biosynthesis and secretion from cultured pulmonary epithelial cells. Blood 89, 873-882. 

Mason, R.J., and M.C. Williams. 1980. Phospholipid composition and ultrastructure of A549 cells and other cultured pulmonary epithelial cells of presumed type 11 cell origin. Biochim. Bio-phys. Acta 617 36-50. 

Lee, P.J., Alam, J., Wiegand, G.W., Choi, A.M. (1996). Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 in human pulmonary epithelial cells results in cell growth arrest and increased resistance to hyperoxia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93 10393-8. 

Barchowsky A, Roussel RR, Krieser RJ, et al. 1998. Expression and activity of urokinase and its receptor in endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to asbestos. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 152 388-396. 

Israbian VA, Weitman SA, Kamp DW. 1994. Dibutyryl cAMP attenuates asbestos-induced pulmonary epithelial cell cytotoxicity and decline in ATP levels. Am J Physiol 267(11) L518-L525. 

Kamp DW, Israbian VA, Presusen SE, et al. 1995a. Asbestos causes DNA strand breaks in cultured pulmonary epithelial cells Role of iron-catalyzed Ifee radicals. Am J Physiol 268(12) L471-L480. 

Standiford, T.J., Kunkel, S.L., Basha, M.A., Chensue, S.W., Lynch, J.P., Toews, G.B. et al. (1990). Interleukin-8 gene expression by a pulmonary epithelial cell line a model for cytokine networks in the lung. J. Clin. Invest. 86, 1945-1953. 

Chen MG, Atkins CL, Bruce SR et al (2011) Infant formula alters surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-B expression in pulmonary epithelial cells. Pediatr Pulmonol 46(9) 903-912... 

Kalina M, Riklis S, Blau H (1993) Pulmonary epithelial cell proliferation in primary culture of alveolar type II cells. Exp Lung Res 19(2) 153-175... 

Bur M, Huwer H, Muys L, Lehr C-M (2010) Drug transport across pulmonary epithelial cell monolayers effects of particle size, apical liquid volume, and deposition technique. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 23(3) 119-127... 

Mn-SOD gene (M12,M15,W10). Lipopolysaccharide also induces Mn-SOD mRNA in pulmonary epithelial cells by a similar mechanism (V3). We showed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), a potent tumor promoter and protein kinase C activator, also induced Mn-SOD expression only in TNF-resistanf cell lines and presented two hypothetical signal transducing pathways in this gene expression (F10). The importance of Mn-SOD for cellular resistance to TNF cytotoxicity has been reported (A11,I5,W11). However no data were available regarding the levels of Mn-SOD protein after TNF treatments. 

Keratins are a family of polypeptides that have been separated according to molecular weight and isoelectric point (acidic or basic). Twenty molecular species exist and have been catalogued by Moll and colleagues i CK7 is expressed in many pulmonary epithelial cells, although is found in a variety of other epithelial cells and in a variety of nonpulmonary carcinomas.CK7 is the most commonly found molecular species of keratin in primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. CK5 is found... 

Vimentin is a 58-kD intermediate filament found predominantly in mesenchymal cells. However, vimentin is expressed in most spindle cell carcinomas and is reported by some to be expressed in a relatively high percentage of pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), a 38- to 40-kD transcription factor member of the NKx2 family of home-odomain transcription factors, is expressed in thyroid and pulmonary epithelial cells. 49 TTF-1 binds to and activates the promoters for Clara cell secretory protein and surfactant proteins A, B, and As reported... 

Transfemn/po/y/ys/ne/DA/A—hematopoietic cells, T-cells, pulmonary epithelial cells. Asialoorosomucoid/polylysine/DNA—fNerceWs. 

Lung tissue of double-null neonates had less alveolar air space in comparison to lung tissue from wild-type mice or mice mutant in either Mil or MX. The pulmonary epithelial cell layer of double nulls appeared thicker than that of either... 

Matsuoka, M., Igisu, H., and Morimoto, Y., Phosphorylation ofp53 protein in A549 human pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to asbestos fibers, Awvirow. Health Perspect, 111, 509-512, 2003. 

Mitchell, J.A., Belvisi, M.G., Akarasereenont, P., Robbins, R.A., Kwon, O.J., Crox-tall, J., Barnes, P.J., and Vane, J.R., Induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 by cytokines in human pulmonary epithelial cells regulation by dexamethasone, Br J Pharmacol, 1994 Nov 113(3) 1008-1014. 

Standiford TJ, Arenberg DA, Danforth JM, Kunkel SL, Van Otteren GM, Stricter RM. Lipoteichoic acid induces the secretion of interleukin-8 from human blood monocytes a cellular and molecular analysis. Infect Immun 62 119-125, 1994. Madsen M, Lebenthal Y, Cheng Q, Smith BL, Hostetter MK. A pneumococcal protein that elicits interleukin-8 from pulmonary epithelial cells. J Infect Dis 2000 181 1330-1336. 

Wickremasinghe MI, Thomas LH, Friedland JS. Pulmonary epithelial cells are a source of IL-8 in the response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis essential role of IL-1 from infected monocytes in a NF-kappa B-dependent network. J Immunol 1999 163 3936-3947. 

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