Cyphers

Adie, E. J., et al. (2002). A pH-sensitive fluor CypHer 5, used to monitor agonist-induced G-proein coupled receptor internalization in live cells. Bio techniques 33 1152-1157. 

FIGURE 4.5 A 72-year-old man with medical history remarkable for hypertension and dyslipidemia presented with posterior circulation infarct (a). CTA and posterior circulation angiography (left vertebral artery injection) performed demonstrated severe mid-basilar artery stenosis (b and c). Left vertebral artery injection demonstrated near-complete reversal of the stenosis after a drug-eluting balloon expandable stent (Cypher, Cordis Johnson Johnson) was deployed (d). 

Two-vessel coronary artery disease (60% right coronary artery [RCA] and 80% left anterior descending artery [LAD] occlusion) after intracoronary CYPHER stent placement to the mid-LAD artery lesion 10 months ago. 

Square-650-pH having a pKa in the physiological pH range (pKa = 7.1 for free dye and the pKa 6.1 when labeled to an antibody) was recently introduced by SETA BioMedicals [119]. This dye is commercially available as a free carboxylic acid and a mono-NHS ester. Square-650-pH has spectral properties similar to those of the CypHer dyes but is fluorescent in both the protonated and deproto-nated forms. This dye displays reasonable molar absorptivities (135,000 and 48,000 M-1cm-1) and quantum yields (16% and 9%) for the protonated and deprotonated forms, an extremely large Stokes shift of more than 100 nm for the deprotonated form, and enables excitation and emission ratiometric measurement... 

Ulland, B.M., N.P. Page, R.A. Squire, E.K. Weisburger, and R.L. Cypher. 1977. A carcinogenicity assay of mirex in Charles River CD rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58 133-140. 

T.63/47-210C (870). Trigometre. Barberini cypher on back. Brass, 37 cm... 

While drug eluting stents effectively tackled the problem of stent restenosis, other issues have emerged in recent times. In 2003, the FDA issued a warning regarding cases of sub-acute thrombosis (SAT) with the CYPHER stent that resulted in some deaths. This... 

Knoblich JA (2001) Asymmetric cell division during animal development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2 11-20 Kroslak T, Koch T, Kahl E, Hollt V (2001) Human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein facihtates heterotrimeric G protein-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 276 39772-39778 Lankford K, Cypher C, Letoumeau P (1990) Nerve growth cone motility. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2 80-85 Law GJ, Northrop AJ, Mason WT (1993) Rab3-peptide stimulates exocytosis from mast cells via a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism. FEBS Lett 333 56-60... 

A description in cypher of the composition of black powder in the treatise De nullitate magiae 12 which is ascribed to Roger Bacon has attracted considerable attention. Whether Bacon wrote the treatise or not, it is certain at any rate that the treatise dates from about his time and certain, too, that much of the material which it contains is to be found in the Opus Majus. The author describes many of the wonders of nature, mechanical, optical, medicinal, etc., among them incendiary compositions and firecrackers. 

Zhou, Q., Ruiz-Lozano, P., Martone, M. E., and Chen, J. (1999). Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C./ Biol. Chem. 274, 19807-19813. 

Polymers used in the CYPHER sirolimus-eluting stent... 

The CYPHER stent employs two nonerodible polymers polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate (PEVA) and poly-n-butyl methacrylate (PBMA), The combination of sirolimus and these two polymers constitutes the basecoat formulation that is applied to a stent treated with paryleneC. In addition, a drug-free topcoat of PBMA polymer is applied to control the release kinetics of sirolimus (59), making this a diffusion-controlled reservoir device. The chemical structure of the polymers used in the CYPHER stent is shown in Figure 4,... 

The pivotal Sirolimus-coated BX VELOCITY Balloon-Expandable Stent in Treatment of Patients with De Novo Coronary Artery Lesions (SIRIUS) study of the CYPHER SES demonstrated a low rate of reintervention compared with... 

Polymers used in the CYPHER sirolimus-eluting stent. Abbreviations PBMA, poly-n-butyl methacrylate PEVA, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate. 

BMS in over 1000 patients (61), These and other studies provided evidence for the clinical utility of the CYPHER stent for the prevention of ISR and are discussed in Chapter 10. 

Cypher Instructions for Use. Cypher sirolimus-eluting coronary stent on Raptor over-the-wire delivery system, http // www.fda.gov/cdrh/PDF2/p020026c.pdf Accessed Aug 8, 2006. 

Cordis Corporation. A Multi-Center, Non-Randomised Study of the CYPHER Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in the Treatment of Patient With an in-Stent Restenotic Native Coronary Artery Lesion (TROPICAL Study), 2006. 

DES in the United States at this time. They are the Cypher sirolimus-eluting stent manufactured by Cordis, a division of Johnson Johnson and the Taxus paclitaxel-eluting stent manufactured by Boston Scientific. 

Biostable polymers have been chosen for use in the majority of DES that are marketed or in clinical development. The main attractiveness of biostable polymers is their physical stability, inertness toward the drug, and predictable drug kinetics. In Cypher, a blend of poly(ethylene-co-butyl methacrylate) (PEVAc/PBMA) is used as the drug carrier. This hydrophobic polymer, along with additional polymer process steps, effectively controls the release of sirolimus, eluting 80% of the drug over 30 days after implantation. In the case of Taxus, atri-block copolymer of styrene-isobutylene-styrene (SIBS) is used as the hydrophobic polymer matrix that releases 10% of incorporated paclitaxel in the first 30 days (20). 

The Cypher sirolimus-eluting stent from Cordis uses a blend of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) as the polymeric matrix for sirolimus release. Both PEVA and PBMA have individually been used as implants in humans and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. The blend of PEVA and PBMA is physically mixed with sirolimus in a weight ratio of 2 1. In vivo studies have shown that the majority of the drug is released in a sustained fashion in 30 days with complete drug release in 90 days as... 

Features CYPHER (6) TAXUS (20) Endeavor (22) ZoMaxx (23) CoStar (24)... 

In vivo sirolimus release profile from the Cypher sirolimus eluting stent. 

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