Cyanide compounds poisoning

In the blast furnace, the reaction of the nitrogen in the blast with coke leads to the formation of poisonous chemicals such as hydrogen cyanide and cyanogens, and each cubic meter of the blast furnace gas contains from 200 to 2000 mg of these compounds. The blast furnace gas is scrubbed with water in the dust collection system the cyanide compounds dissolve in the water, which is then discharged after the compounds have been destroyed. Another poisonous emission in blast furnace operations is hydrogen sulfide. The sulfur present in the coke is converted into calcium sulfide in the slag, the water-quenching of... 

Organic cyanide compounds, or nitriles, have been implicated in numerous human fatalities and signs of poisoning — especially acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, acetone cyanohydrin, malonitrile, and succinonitrile. Nitriles hydrolyze to carboxylic acid and ammonia in either basic or acidic solutions. Mice (Mus sp.) given lethal doses of various nitriles had elevated cyanide concentrations in liver and brain the major acute toxicity of nitriles is CN release by liver processes (Willhite and Smith 1981). In general, alkylnitriles release CN much less readily than aryl alkylnitriles, and this may account for their comparatively low toxicity (Davis 1981). 

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a colorless, rapidly acting, highly poisonous gas or liquid that has an odor of bitter almonds. Most HCN is used as an intermediate at the site of production. Major uses include the manufacture of nylons, plastics, and fumigants. Exposures to HCN may occur in industrial situations as well as from cigarette smoke, combustion products, and naturally occurring cyanide compounds in foods. Sodium nitroprusside (Na2[Fe(CN)5 N0]-2H20), which has been used as an antihypertensive in humans, breaks down into nonionized HCN. 

Haymaker W, Ginzler AM, Ferguson RL. 1952. Residual neuropathological effects of cyanide poisoning A study of the central nervous system of 23 dogs exposed to cyanide compounds. The Military Surgeon 3 231-246. 

The resultant solid mercury salt is contacted with a mixture of 23 g potassium cyanide (n Caution. Cyanide compounds are extremely poisonous.) and 48 g potassium carbonate in 350 mL of water and 200 mL of heptane. After stirring for several hours, the phases were separated. The heptane phase is stirred vigorously with 12.5 g KCN and 24 g K2C03 in 175 mL water. After separating the phases, the organic phase is washed successively with 250 mL portions of 0.5 M K2C03, HzO, 0.5 M HN03, 0.5 M NaOH, and H20. The solvent is concentrated at reduced pressure to provide 52 g of the title compound. 

It is therefore reasonable to assume that the massively higher and longer lasting tendency of the wet and cold cement mortar of the morgues of crematorium II and III to form long-term stable cyanide compounds could easily compensate the somewhat shorter time it was exposed to the poisonous gas, if compared to the scenarios in the warm, dry and short-lasting alkaline internal walls of the delousing chambers. 

CONSENSUS REPORTS Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. Cyanide compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. SAFETY PROFILE Poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by skin... 

Write the formulas and give the systematic names for ferrous ferrocyanide and ferric ferricyanide. Will intervalence charge transfer occur in these two compounds Kinetically, the Fe(CN)6 ion is inert while the Fe(CN)6 ion is labile. Based on this knowledge, would you expect Prussian blue to be a poisonous cyanide compound Explain. 

Na+ + CN = NaCN, sodium cyanide, a poison NONMETAL COMPOUNDS... 

The effects from cyanide poisoning are those of progressive histotoxic tissue hypoxia (Figure 10-2). The symptoms, signs, and physical findings are directly related to the dose of cyanide, the route of exposure, and the type of cyanide compound. In addition to the effects described below, cyanogen chloride also produces irritation of the eyes and... 

Mandelic acid. This preparation is an example of the synthesis of an a-hydroxy acid by the cyanohydrin method. To avoid the use of the very volatile and extremely poisonous hquid hydrogen cyanide, the cyanohydrin (mandelonitrile) is prepared by treatment of the so um bisulphite addition compound of benzaldehj de (not isolated) with sodium cyanide ... 

Many silver compounds are unstable to light, and are thus shipped ia brown glass or opaque plastic bottles. Silver compounds that are oxidants, eg, silver nitrate and iodate, must be so identified according to U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations. Compounds such as silver cyanide, which is toxic owiag to its cyanide content, must carry a poison label. However, most silver compounds are essentially nontoxic. 

Compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and cyanides are the most common metal surface poisoners occurring in process units subject to aqueous-phase hydrogen attack. In many process units, these compounds can be effectively eliminated and hydrogen diffusion stopped by adding ammonium polysulfides and oxygen to the process streams which converts the compounds to polysulfides and thiocyanates, provided the pH is kept on the alkaline side. 

Hydrogen cyanide, mp —13.3° bp 25.7°, is an extremely poisonous compound of very high dielectric constant (p. 55). It is miscible with H2O, EtOH and Et20. In aqueous solution it is an even weaker acid than HE, the dissociation constant Ka being 7.2 x 10 ° at 25°C. It was formerly produced industrially by acidifying NaCN or Ca(CN)2 but the most modem catalytic processes are based on direct reaction between... 

Cyan-verbindung, /. cyanogen compound, -verg tung,/. cyanogen poisoning, -wasser-stoff, m. hydrogen cyanide hydrocyanic acid. 

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