Curl study

Like the curl condition is reminiscent of the Yang-Mills field, the quantization just mentioned is reminiscent of a study by Wu and Yang [76] for the quantization of Dirac s magnetic monopole [77-78]. As will be shown, the present quantization conditions just like the Wu and Yang conditions result from a phase factor, namely, the exponential of a phase and not just from a phase. 

In this section, the curl condition is extended to include the points of singularity as discussed in Appendix C. The study is meant to shed light as to the origin of... 

To study the two isolated conical intersections, we have to treat two-state curl equations that are given in Eq. (26). Here, the first 2 x 2 x mahix contains the (vectorial) element, that is, X012 and the second 2 x 2 x mahix contains X023- As before each of the non-adiabatic coupling terms, X012 and X023 has the following components ... 

The new results of this study Include a clear demonstration of Pt-0 bonds to the support at low temperature In either He or H2. As the temperature Is raised above 600 K the Pt-0 bonds break and the Pt raft-llke clusters curl up to be more sphere-llke. Concurrently with this bond-breaking and change In shape, electrons flow to the Pt d-band. At temperatures above 600 K there Is a d-electron surplus In the Pt clusters compared to bulk Pt, l.e., they are more noble than Pt. This may be a significant result since practical applications of Pt-contalnlng catalysts are In the temperature range where these changes occur,... 

MP280 (continuous exposure for 90 days) produced kyphosis (a deformity of the spine characterized by extensive flexion) and a decrease in the tail tip curl reflex in rats and anorexia, lethargy, cachexia, and head droop in rabbits after exposure to 101 mg/m3 exposure to 10.3 mg/m3 produced no signs of neurotoxicity in these species (MacEwen and Vemot 1983). Hamsters similarly exposed to 101 mg/m3 Durad MP280 showed no evidence of neurotoxicity in this study. Aerosols of Fyrquel 220 (continuous exposure for 90 days) likewise produced kyphosis in rats at 100 mg/m3, but no clinical signs of neurotoxicity in rabbits or hamsters at 100 mg/m3 (MacEwen and Vemot 1983). Because of the uncertainty that the kyphosis observed in rats is a neurological or muscular effect, this effect has been discussed in both sections. 

EPA research investments since 1995 in pesticide exposure and risk assessment methods have helped pioneer novel approaches to quantify risk levels. A team at the University of Washington s School of Public Health and Community Medicine found that 2-5 year olds consuming predominantly organic foods over a 3-day period had 8.5-fold lower mean levels of OP insecticide metabolites in their urine than children eating mosdy conventional (unlabeled) foods (Curl et al., 2003). The study was carefully designed to minimize potentially... 

A more recent study performed on nC6 and hydrogenated fullerenes presents more detailed effects on hopping frequency, heart rate, appendage movement, and post-abdominal claw curling. The results show intoxication effects, which lead an invertebrate population to be more easily plundered (Lovem et al., 2007). 

The Evidentia of Curling Waters and Whirling Winds Leonardo s Ekphraseis of the Latin Weathermen. Achademia Leonardi Vinci Journal of Leonardo Studies Bibliography of Vinciana 6 (1991) 11—33. 

In 1985. similar experiments were conducted at Rice University. In a 1988 paper. Curl and Smalley (Rice University) outlined their experiments with carbon cluster beams, essentially using the clusler-generaung apparatus previously described by the Exxon researchers. Initially, this experimentation was motivated by an interest that had been shown by die astrophysicist, Krotu (University of Sussex), who had been modeling the formation of carbon molecules in circumstellar shells. As a consequence, the Rice University team concentrated its studies on the smaller (2- to 30-atom) carbon clusters. As pointed out in the Curl-Smalley paper, the objective was to determine if some or all of the species had the same form as the long linear carbon chains known to be abundant in interstellar space."... 

In the case of uniform c(grad c = 0), curl v = w (vorticity) is also a Beltrami field, possessing the same coefficient c. This type of vector field is called a Trkalian field, after Trkal, a Russian researcher who studied Beltrami flows... 

The bright orange and yellow colors of citrus peel are due to the lipid soluble carotenoids. The more common ones in peel and juice are shown in Figure 1. Some of the first studies on citrus carotenoids were by the European workers, Zechmeister and Tuzson, in 1931 (26, 2 7, 28). They isolated p-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, p-citraurin, and probably violaxanthin. In 1952, Natarajan and MacKinney (29) found phytofluene and a, p, and zeta carotenes. These studies were followed by those of Curl, who between 1953 and 1967 reported the presence of some 74 carotenoids in several citrus cultivars. 

Curl (48), in a study conducted with a synthetic orange juice, reported that the loss of ascorbic acid occurred in the presence of citric acid and potassium citrate buffer alone, but that the losses were increased by the addition of the sugars, levulose, sucrose, and dextrose, in that order. He found that darkening of the synthetic juice occurred principally when both amino acids and sugars were present and, the effect was even more pronounced by the presence of ascorbic acid. 

Moore et al. (56) reported that the decomposition of ascorbic acid in orange juice was directly associated with darkening. According to Curl (57), the development of off flavors in orange juices at 13-71% soluble solids was closely paralleled by the loss of ascorbic acid and by darkening. In mandarin juice, Aiba et al. (58) found that the rate of browning was related to the decomposition of ascorbic acid. Studies with the juice of natsu-... 

Moore (84) reported that the ascorbic acid retention was 89.2% for bottled orange juice and 93.2% for canned orange juice stored at 4.4°C for 18 months. At 24.4°C, the ascorbic acid retentions after 18 months were 50.9% and 59.8% for bottled and canned orange juice, respectively. This effect of container type was further demonstrated in studies by Riester et al. (85), Curl (48), and by Moore et al. (86). These studies showed greater losses of ascorbic acid in enamel-lined cans than in plain tin cans. The difference was attributed to the protective effect of the tin, in that oxygen reacted with tin in one case and with ascorbic acid in the other. 

Lipid constituents. Early studies on off-flavor development in citrus products suggested that off-flavors might be related to the degradation of lipids (12-14). Curl (15) compared the flavors before and after storage of whole tangerine juice and tangerine... 

However, such is not physical reality. To the contrary, Lagow et al. [14] showed in the laboratory that long repetitive acetylenes and cumulenes tend to curl and form rings. Consequently, unless future studies reestablishes linearity or some other "mathematically-heuristic" form, such as an infinitely long helix formation, the systemic names (14) and (15) will have to be discarded, when better chemistry is available. 

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