Curing monitor

Hussain, F., Chan, J., and Hojjati, M. 2007. Epoxy-silicate nanocomposites Cure monitoring and Characterization. Material Science and Engineering A 445-446 467-476. 

Cure Monitoring for Composites and Adhesives, David R. Mulligan, NPL. 

Polymer products Adhesives, adhesive tapes, sealants, latex emulsions, rubber materials, plastic fabrication, etc. Composition monitoring Rate of cure monitoring Product QC... 

Tool-mounted optrode (TMO). The cure-monitoring experiments described here were conducted with a "tool-mounted" optrode (TMO) arrangement (5,6) (Figure 2) which is Ideally suited for the manufacturing environment where minimum interference with the laminate layup work is desirable. The use of a tool-mounted optrode is as simple as the use of tool-mounted thermocouples currently in wide use. Indeed, the TMO provides viscosity/degree-of-cure information on the cure state of the surface layer only. However, knowledge of the cure state of the surface layer permits determination of the cure states in the bulk based on the available models (1,2). 

Report 162 Analysis of Thermoset Materials, Precursors and Products, Martin J. Forrest, Rapra Technology Ltd Report 163 Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites, Masami Okamoto, Toyota Technological Institute Report 164 Cure Monitoring for Composites and Adhesives, David R. Mulligan, NPL... 

As a representative example of cure monitoring using a common commercially used aerospace resin and a complex cure cycle, Figure 4.6 displays the output of epoxy system. This resin consists of a tetraglycidyl 4,4 -diamino diphenylmethane (TGDDM) and diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS). This system with catalyst is sold by the Hercules Corporation as 3501-6. 

As an example of cure monitoring in resin film infusion, Figure 4.16 shows the output of oje"(oj) from sensor 1 for the MY720 aromatic TGMDA epoxy system commercially sold as 3501-6 by Hercules. 

The purpose of the second dwell is to allow crosslinking of the matrix to take place. It is during the second dwell when the strength and related mechanical properties of the composite are developed. To characterize the exothermic crosslinking reaction of a thermosetting polymer matrix, a thermal cure monitor technique such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry... 

Radiometers for spot cure monitor the performance (irradiance), measure fhe light guide degradation, determine optimum positioning of fhe lighf guide cable, and compare the efficiency of spot curing systems. An example of a... 

DETA has been gaining popularity as a method for cure monitoring, and it can be used to examine the cure of elastomers via ionic conductivity measurements. Ionic conductivity is related to e" by the following equation ... 

Mcllhagger, A., Brown, D., and Hill, B. (2000). The development of a dielectric system for the on-line cure monitoring of the resin transfer moulding process. Composites Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 31(12), 1373-1381. 

Baumgartner, W. E., Ricker, T. Computer assisted dielectric cure monitoring in material quality and cure process control, SAMPE J., 19, 6 (1983)... 

Crabtree, D. J. Ion graphing as an in-process cure monitoring procedure for composite and adhesively bonded structures, p. 636, Proc. 22nd SAMPE Symp., 1977... 

Fluorescence techniques are particularly useful to monitor the change in local viscosity because they are sensitive and can be easily adopted to in-situ, nondestructive monitoring. In a previous paper(1), we described an axcimer-fluorescence technique to monitor the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. We show here an application of the excimer-fluorescence technique to monitor the cure of epoxy resins. In addition, we describe the cure monitoring of epoxy resins with the use of two fluorescent dyes, a dye whose fluorescence intensity increases with local viscosity, and another dye which serves as an internal standard with nearly constant fluorescence intensity. This second technique is similar to the ones used by Loutfy(2,3) and by Levy(4). However, to the best of... 

Cure monitoring with the probe BPP was carried out in the manner previously described in Reference 1. The sample was irradiated at 345 nm and the monomer and excimer fluorescence intensities at 377 nm and 488 nm were measured as a function of time. When DMA-DPH was used as a probe and DPA was used as an internal standard, they were excited at 420 nm and 345 nm, respectively. 

Figure 6.29. (a) A photograph of an autoclave custom-modified to enable the accommodation of optical and electrical sensor systems for cure monitoring of advanced reinforced composites via contact and non-contact IR spectroscopy and measurements of residual strain and temperature. 

New Technique for Measuring Extended Viscosity Ranges -Gel Times, Pot Life, or Cure Monitoring - with Programmable Rotational Viscometers or Rheometers... 

The Rapra Scanning VNC, Information Sheet I, An introduction to cure monitoring, Rapra Technology. Shawbury. 

Figure 14 (a) Very thin PVC coalings on 0.5mm steel, (b) Epoxy cure monitored at 0.1, I. 10. 

In terms of equipment. McDonnell Douglas proposes an automated ultrasonic scanning system (AUSS) with 9 axes of motion, a 7 axes ultrasound system (ADIS-II) and a portable inspection system (MAUS II) for aerospace composite structure inspection [36], The ultrasonic resin analyser (URA 2002A from Quatro Technologies) can be used to measure the resin content in polymer based composites [10]. The UCMS-200 ultrasonic cure monitoring system from Micromet Instruments utilizes measurements of the ultrasonic sound speed to monitor changes in the viscosity, rigidity of composites. 

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