Curcumin chemistry

Balasubramanyam, K., Varier, R.A., Altaf M., Swaminathan, V., Siddappa, N.B., Ranga, U. and Kundu, TK. (2004) Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 51163-51171. 

Tonnesen, H.H., Chemistry of curcumin and curcuminoids, in Phenolic Compounds in Foods and their Effects on Health. 1 Analysis, Occurrence and Chemistry, Ho, C.-T., Lee, C.Y., and Huang, M.-T., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1992. 

Scientists at the University of Michigan Medical School, in collaboration with those at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, have carried out tests on curcumin that show it to inhibit the drug-resist-ant forms of malaria and reported their findings in the Journal of Biological Chemistry in December 2004. Mice infected with the related parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, which causes rodent malaria, were fed curcumin and this reduced the number of parasites in the blood by as much as 90%, and completely protected more than a quarter of mice to whom it was given. Whether it could be a treatment for human malarial infection remains to be seen. 

Dyrssen, D.W., Novikov, Y.P. and Uppstrdm, L.R. (1972) Studies on the chemistry of the determination of boron with curcumin. Analytica Chimica Acta 60, 1 39-1 51. 

Masuda, T., Toi, Y., Bando, H., Maekawa, T., Takeda, Y. and Yamaguchi, H. (2002) Structural identification of new curcumin dimers and their contribution to the antioxidant mechanism of curcumin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 2524-2530. 

Lin L, Lee KH. Structure-activity relationships of curcumin and its analogs with different biological activities. In Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 33. Ur-Rahman A, ed. Elsevier, New York, pp. 785-812. 

Tonnesen HH. Chemistry, Stability and Analysis of Curcumin—a Naturally Occurring Drug Molecule. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO, 1986. 

The constitution of this relatively simple and broadly used compound was established surprisingly late by Lampe and Milobedzka (2), first in 1910 by degradation followed in 1913 by a synthesis (3,4). Curcumin remained the only representative of the group as long as until 1964. In the following 30 years, however, about 70 linear and 35 macrocylic diarylheptanoids were isolated. In the present review we are dicussing their chemistry, phytochemistry, biosynthesis, biological activity, and synthesis. 

Considering the variety of test free radicals, solvents, and pH ranges used in the literature, Wright employed theoretical chemistry to interpret the controversy [35]. First, he explored the stable conformer of curcumin,... 

In mice and rats administered turmeric oleoresin (79-85% curcumin) daily in food at doses of 0,1000,5000,10,000, 25,000, or 50,000 ppm (equivalent to average daily doses of 50, 250,480,1300, or 2600 mg/kg in males and 60, 300,550,1450, or 2800 mg/kg in females) for 13 weeks, an increase in liver weights was observed at the 5000 ppm dose and above no histopathological lesions were observed, nor were there any significant differences in hematology, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis parameters, although some animals were noted to have stained fur and discolored feces and urine (NTP1993). 

Tang, B, L Ma, HY Wang and GY Zhang (2002). Study on the supramolecular interaction of curcumin andbeta-cyclodextrin by spectrophotometry andits analytical application. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 50(6), 1355-1361. 

Donsi, F. Wang, Y. Li, J. Huang, Q., Preparation of curcumin sub-micrometer dispersions by high-pressure homogenization. Journal of Agricultural ami Food Chemistry (2010) 58, 2848-2853. 

Takahashi, M. Uechi, S. Takara, K. Asikin, Y. Wada, K., Evaluation of an oral carrier system in rats Bioavailability and antioxidant properties of liposome-encapsulated curcumin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009) 57, 9141-9146. 

Yu, H. L. Huang, Q. R., Enhanced in vitro anti-cancer activity of curcumin encapsulated in hydrophobi-cally modified starch. Food Chemistry (2010) 119, 669-674. 

With curcumin (l,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-l,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) boron forms two different complexes both procedures are known in the literature as the curcumin method . Rubrocurcumin is formed from boric acid, curcumin and oxalic acid in a 1 1 1 complex rosocyanin forms in the presence of strong sulphuric add by the reaction between boric acid and curcumin, probably in a ratio of 1 2. An extensive study of the chemistry has been given by Dyrssenetal (1972). Rosocyanin is the preferred complex for boron determi-... 

Balasubramanian K. Molecular orbital basis for yellow curry spice curcumin s prevention of Alzheimer s disease. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54 3512-3520 (2006). 

Litwinienko, G. and K. U. Ingold. 2004. Abnormal solvent effects on hydrogen atom abstraction. 2. Resolution of the curcumin antioxidant controversy. The role of sequential proton loss electron transfer. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 69(18) 5888-5896. 

Emission spectrometry with plasma excitation is based on chemical separation of boron by wet chemistry and is matrix and form independent. The sensitivity is good (0.01 to 0.02 Mg/g) but the method requires several difficult manipulations, thus highly skilled operators. The latter also applies to photometry which was used under different forms the methylene blue method, with varying BF formation times and with and without reextraction of fluorine, and the curcumine method. Under optimal conditions, these methods allow precisions and accuracies of + 10 % at the 0.5 to 1 /ig/g level. 

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