Crystal ternary oxides

The NaCl structure is also found in compounds like TiO, VO and NbO, possessing a high percentage of cation and anion vacancies. Ternary oxides of the type MggMn 08 crystallize in this structure with of the cation sites vacant. Solid solutions such as Li,j )Mg Cl (0 x 1) crystallize in the rocksalt structure stoichiometric MgCl may indeed be considered as having a defect rocksalt structure with 50% of ordered cation vacancies. 

To conclude, we present an application of the reaction path concept and investigate the evolution of the phase boundaries in the ternary oxide system Fe-Mn-0 [Y. Ueshima, et al. (1989)]. Let us start with the a-crystal (Fe, Mn)0 which then is... 

The synthesis of the title compositions has been selected as representative of compounds that can readily be prepared by the flux-reaction technique. In this technique, a halide melt serves both as a flux and as a constituent component of the basic reaction. The procedure has been described in the literature1 and has served for the preparation of a variety of ternary oxides, usually in the form of small, well-defined, single crystals. The halide phosphates and vanadates of strontium represent the apatite and spodiosite structures, both interesting compositions from a biochemical and solid-state point of view. 

Table 3.4 Crystal structures of some solid ternary-oxide structures with the stoichiometry ABOj, and the irreducible representations of the optical modes.

The ternary oxides CrMnGa04, NiMnGa04, CuMnGa04, and ZnMnGa04 crystallize with the cubic spinel structure.528... 

Monica Popa, Jose M, Calderon Moreno. Crystallization of gel-derived and quenched glasses in the ternary oxide Al20j-Zr02-Si02 system. J Non-cryst Solids. 2002, 297 290-300. 

Perovskites, mixed ternary oxides These have ionic bonds and exceptional physical properties (such as ferroelectricity) related to their peculiar crystal structure. 

Single crystals of ternary sulfides such as ZnAl2S4 or selenides such as Cu3TaSe4 are made with iodine as a transport medium. Ternary oxides such as ZnW03 are made with chlorine. A versatile transport gas for the synthesis of single crystals is Gel4. 

Many ternary oxides with compositions of A B O3, A B O3, A B O3, A +B + 03, and an abundance of compounds with more complex compositions, are crystallized in perovskite structure. The perovskite structure is very flexible, allowing not only the substitution of different cations in positions A and B over a wide range of compositions Ai xA xBi xBx03, but also the introduction of vacancies or substitutions on the anion sublattice. It is for this reason that about 90% of the metallic elements of the Periodic Table are known to be stable in a perovskite-type oxide structure. 

Noda Y, Ohba S, Sato S, Saito Y (1983) Charge distribution and atomic thermal vibration in lead chalcogenide crystals. Acta Cryst B 39 312-317 487. Eeldmann C, Jansen M (1993) CS3AUO, the first ternary oxide with anionic gold. Angew Chem Int Ed 32 1049-1050... 

Because the high dielectric responses in the tetragonal phase of BaTiOs are caused by a deformation of the TiOe coordination polyhedron and consequently the creation of a permanent electric dipole, it is instmctive to consider from this viewpoint the dielectric properties in other ternary oxides. After the size effect in BaTiOa was clarified, works on the synthesis of materials with high e were focused on obtaining compounds with the maximum distortion in the crystal... 

Bulk moduli for ambient conditions (with index o ) are listed in Tables 10.7 for elements, SlO.l for compounds MX, S10.2 for MX2, S10.3 for MX3, S10.4 for binary oxides, S10.5 for binary nitrides, S10.6 for binary borides, S10.7 for binary carbides and silicides, S10.8 for binary phosphides and arsenides, S10.9 for ternary oxides and coordination compounds, SIO.IO for molecular substances and polymers, SlO.l 1 for characteristics of polymorphous modifications of elements and the MX compounds, S10.12 for various phases ofMX2 crystals. 

In the 1000-1500°C range frequently used in chemical laboratories, a hexagonal crystal form of PajOj is obtained. Black Pa02 (fluorite structure) is formed by hydrogen reduction of the higher oxide at temperatures above 1550°C. The oxides with O/M ratios between 2.0 and 2.5 can be obtained by selective oxidation of Pa02 or reduction of Pa205. As in the case of ThO, a PaO film has been reported to form on the surface of Pa metal but it is not likely that a bulk form of pure PaO can be prepared. A number of complex (ternary) oxides have been reported for Pa in addition to hydrated oxides and a hydrated peroxide of variable composition. 

Two new phases appear at low partial pressures of oxygen and high temperatures BaCu202, with the crystal structure (Teske and Muller-Buschbaum 1972) already encountered in the Sr version IA amd 572.2, 1006.4] having monovalent Cu. This is the last ternary oxide appearing upon reduction in the Ba(0)-Cu(0) system. 

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