Exceptional physical properties

Few, if any, polymeric materials have exceptional physical properties. Nevertheless, by volume, they are the most widely used of any materials. This is because the raw materials used for making them are inexpensive, and especially because they are easy to convert into any desired shape. 

HMX is a very powerful explosive, which is more powerful then RDX. It has exceptional physical properties, and it demonstrates excellent shock and percussion resistance. The use of HMX in explosive compositions and munitions for military purposes is growing, and it is likely it will over take RDX in the future HMX exists in two primary modifications beta-HMX, and alpha HMX. Beta-HMX is useful in hollow charges, but alpha-HMX is more useful in explosives compositions, munitions, high performance rocket propellants, and gun propellants—HMX is a great smoke and flash-reducing agent for propellant formulations. 

Figure 9.9 Exceptional physical properties of liquid water (solid lines) temperature dependences (upper diagrams) of the density d (45) and isothermal compressibility Xt (adapted from Refs. (45 7)) pressure dependences (lower drawings) of the shear viscosity 7] at various temperatures (adapted from Ref. (48)) and of the isothermal diffusion coefficient Z) at 0 (adapted from Ref. (49)). Dashed lines sketch typical dependences displayed by almost all other liquids. Note that at —15 °C no value is given for 17 at/ > 300MPa, because of a phase transition towards ice V (Figure 8.5).

The situation of the exceptional physical properties, which are described in the preceding section, is less favourable. The hyperdense H-bond network makes such physical quantities as those shown in Figure 9.9 vary in a direction opposite to that of most other liquids when temperature or pressure are changed in the low temperature region. We gave qualitative explanations for these variations. They absolutely need receiving a more precise quantitative... 

Perovskites, mixed ternary oxides These have ionic bonds and exceptional physical properties (such as ferroelectricity) related to their peculiar crystal structure. 

A conventional listing of the more important nonmetallics is presented in Table 12.2. Gemstones. A gemstone is a semi-precious or precious natural mineral with exceptional physical properties which, when cut and polished, can be used in jewelry. Only four minerals are considered as precious gemstones sensu stricto diamond, one gem variety of beryl (i.e., emerald green), and the two gem varieties of corundum (i.e., ruby, deep red, and sapphire deep blue). Beside natural minerals synthetic gemstones and their simulants are also found in jewelry. 

LSCEs offer numerous new aspects to the field of polymer science due to their exceptional physical properties. With respect to mechanical behavior, LSCEs are unique soft crystals. Mechanical fields not only bias the state of LC order but also cause exceptional reorientation behavior, which impressively modifies the mechanical response. If the LC phase stmeture additimially exhibits one-dimensional positional long-range order, conventional entropic elasticity exists solely in two dimensions, while the third dimension is determined by the enthalpic elasticity of the LC order. 

The exceptional physical properties of these uniquely structured systems are a direct consequence of the morphology and orientation induced into the polymers due to the flow history during processing. Thus understanding the rheological behavior associated with liquid crystallinity is undoubtedly essential for processing ttie LCPs into the appropriate structure to exhibit their desirable properties [24]. 

Diamond possesses such exceptional physical properties that it deserves support for research on its synthesis to allow diamond growth development to reach its maturity. Hydrogen-driven CVD processes are at an advanced stage of development however, novel processes are at an incubation phase, opening new expectations for the future. 

C NS General-purpose, high Mooney viscosity nitrile robber. Combines exceptional physical properties and outstanding oil resistance. Recommended for critical industrial and automotive extruded goods... 

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