Generator, crystal controlled

An rf power at 13.56 MHz was supplied to the coil (15) by a crystal controlled generator with a power amplifier (Electronic Navigation Ind., A-300) through an LC parallel-resonance type impedance matching network. The power and SWR were monitored with a through-line wattmeter (Leader Test Instrument, LPN-885). 

Structured products, such as cosmetics, detergents, surfactant foams, inks, paints, drugs, foods and agrochemicals, combine several functions and properties in a single product. Design of these structured products involve the creation and the control of the particle size distribution in operations such as crystallization, precipitation, generation of aerosols, and nanoparticles as well as... 

Ice Crystal Growth. In order to quantify these results for the production of large disc and spherical crystals, seversd batch experiments on 6% lactose solutions were undertaken. The experimental conditions and results are shown in Table II. In these experiments, nuclei were generated at -2.5 C (except for Run Sa at -4.0°C) and input to the batch crystallizer controlled at various refirigerant temperatures. As these crystals grew, the total crystal surface area was controlled manually in order to maintain a heat balance for a constant value of the refrigerant temperature. Slurry removal rate for these experiments... 

Q. Explain the difference between a free-running and a crystal-controlled radiofrequency generator 4.4.3 Sample Introduction... 

Co-product AS is recovered in a crystallization process that is controlled to yield large, uniformly sized crystals. Usually by-product AS contains small amounts of organic contaminants. As a result, the crystallization process generates smaller and finer particles that are harder to handle243. 

A critical control aspect common to all batch crystallization is controlling the initial population of crystals. Control action intended to produce large crystals may be insufficient to compensate for the massive generation of nuclei that results from spontaneous nucleation. Industrial experience supports the copious academic documentation that seeding with a defined mass and size range of crystals permits the growth of larger crystals with a narrower size distribution. 

The measurements were performed using a Thermo Elemental IRIS Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). A 2 kW crystal-controlled radio frequency (RF) generator operating at 27.12 MHz powers the plasma source. An Echelle optical system with a 381-mm focal length diffracts the light from the plasma source before it is focused onto the Charge Injected Device (CID) camera detector [4]. 

Figure 23.23 illustrates the most important experimental interface function, the generation of a stable time base. The time-base generator, or digital clock, is generally a combination of two elements (1) a crystal-controlled, stable, fixed-frequency oscillator that emits a pulse train of very accurately known frequency, and (2) a... 

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