Cryptococcus species

Saperconazole is an experimental, water-insoluble, lipophilic, fluorinated triazole. Its structure resembles that of itraconazole and it has a long half-life. It has a broad antifungal spectrum, including Cryptococcus Species and Aspergillus species. In early studies in cases of compassionate use, only a few adverse effects were described, including hepatotoxicity (1,2), and its adverse effects were expected to resemble those of itraconazole (3). However, the manufacturers stopped developing it because of concerns about toxicity. 

V2. Vilgalys, R, and Hester, M., Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J. Bacteriol. 172, 4238-4246 (1990). 

This antimycotic, which was iatroduced for topical use, shows in vitro activity against dermatophytes, species of Candida Jispergillus Coccidioides immitis Histop/asma capsulatum Cryptococcus neoformans and Madure/h species. Petriellidium (Alkscheria) boydii and Phialophora species are less sensitive. 

Class Synthetic, broad-spectrum bis-triazole antifungal agent with activity against Cryptococcus neoformans md Candida species ... 

Flucytosine (Ancobon) possesses clinically useful activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida species, Torulopsis glabrata, and the agents of chromomycosis. Susceptible fungi deam-inate flucytosine to 5-fluorouracil, which becomes an antimetabolite. Flucytosine, which is excreted by the kidney, should be used cautiously in the setting of renal impairment. Flucytosine is a bone marrow depressant. Flucytosine is used in combination with amphotericin B. 

The spectrum of activity of flucytosine is restricted to Cryptococcus neoformans, some Candida species, and the dematiaceous molds that cause chromoblastomycosis. Flucytosine is not used as a single agent because of its demonstrated synergy with other agents and to avoid the development of secondary resistance. Clinical use at present is confined to combination therapy, either with amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis or with itraconazole for chromoblastomycosis. 

The spectrum of action of these medications is quite broad, ranging from many Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, the endemic mycoses (blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis), the dermatophytes, and, in the case of itraconazole and voriconazole, even aspergillus infections. They are also useful in the treatment of intrinsically amphotericin-resistant organisms such as Pseudallescheria boydii. 

Cryptococcus surugaensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species from sediments collected on the deep-sea floor of Suruga Bay. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53, 2095-8. 

Cryptococcus neoformans is a zoopathogenic basidiomycetous yeast which has a teleomorph in Filobasidiella (E neoformans) but is usually encountered in the imperfect state [388, 389]. Fell et al. [390] proposed to conserve Cryptococcus with C. neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin as the neotype species. Cryptococcosis is an inhalation mycosis, occurring nearly exclusively in... 

All species of Cryptococcus are nonfermentative aerobes exhibiting a positive urease test, a positive diazonium blue B test, and the presence of extracellular amyloid compounds. Cryptococcus differs from Trichosporon by the presence of capsules and the absence of arthroconidia. Genotypic methods are necessary to identify the species unequivocally [208]. 

C. laurentii is an additional species of clinical importance (pulmonary abscess) which belongs to the Tremellales [24, 80, 262, 381]. Based on partial 26S rDNA and complete 18S rDNA sequences, the genus Cryptococcus is polyphyletic and occurs in at least five different clades of the Tremellales, and within the Cystofilobasidiales [24, 381] (fig. 4). 

---