Crustaceans bioluminescent

Thompson, E. M., Nafpakdds, B. G., and Tsuji, F. I. (1987). Induction of bioluminescence in the marine fish, Porichthys, by Vargula (crustacean) luciferin. Evidence for de novo synthesis or recycling of luciferin. Pho-tochem. Photobiol. 45 529-533. 

Tsuji, F. I., Lynch, R. V., Ill, and Stevens, C. L. (1974). Some properties of luciferase from the bioluminescent crustacean, Cypridina hilgendorfii. Biochemistry 13 5204-5209. 

Ecotoxicity assessment of water samples was carried out, in parallel to chemical analysis, using three standardized bioassays based on the micro-crustacean Daphnia magna, the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. 

The results of toxicity assays enable the ecotoxicological quality of environmental samples to be assessed on the basis of the value (expressed as a percentage) of the observed effect of toxic activity, for example, bioluminescence inhibition, algal growth inhibition, and lethalities of crustaceans, as well as estimated toxicity indices such as L(E)C20, L(E)C50, or toxicity unit (TU). 

Cypridina luciferin is an imidazopyrazinone involved in the bioluminescence of the crustacean Cypridina (Vargula) hilgendotfii. The first total synthesis of this natural product was achieved by Kishi in 1966, which was followed by that of White and Karpetsky in 1971. Most recently, Nakamura et al. developed a convenient, direct procedure for this synthesis, employing Suzuki coupling (Eq. (36)) [67]. 

The chemiluminescence of dioxetanones is of particular interest due to their postulated intermediacy in several bioluminescence reactions, including that of the firefly, the sea pansy Renilla, and the ostracod crustacean Cypridina (Fig. 4). The generalized mechanism for these bioluminescence reactions (22),... 

The bioluminescence of crustaceans belonging to genera Cypridina is due to the reaction of Cypridina luciferin (23) with luciferase in the presence of oxygen [41,42],... 

T.M. Frank, J.F. Case (1988). Visual spectral sensitivities of bioluminescent deep-sea crustaceans. Biol Bull, 175, 261-273. 

Suzuki N, Mizumoto I, Itami et al. Dye-sensitized inactivation of white spot syndrome virus attached to eggs of Crustaceans. In Roda A, Pazzagli M, Kricka LJ, Stanley PE. eds. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Perspectives for the 21st Century. Chichester J. Wiley Sons, 1999 559-62. 

Embryo hatching success and posthatch larval survival of the marine fish Sciaenops ocellatus were not affected by RDX at the highest concentration achieved without the use of a solvent carrier (299 pmoles L 1) [15] (Table 4.6). At its solubility limit, this chemical was also neither acutely toxic to marine crustaceans and polychaetes, nor exhibited sublethal effects in tests with echinoids [15], whereas adverse effects were observed with the macroalga U.fasciata zoospore germination, the polychaete D. gyrociliatus reproduction, and the 30-min Microtox bioluminescence endpoints [15,30] (Table 4.6). 

This ring system has also been called l,3a,6-triazaindene and numbered as in formula 1. A third alternative numbering system (2) has also been used on one occasion. Partly reduced derivatives of imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazine have been referred to as imidazo[l,2-a]piperazines and others, as imidazolino[l,2-a]pyrazines. The majority of papers on this heterocycle are of recent origin and concern the structure and oxidation products of Cypridina luciferin, a bioluminescent substance isolated from Cypridina hilgendorfii, a small crustacean. 

Bioluminescence- and Chemiluminescence-based Biosensors These reactions are the most sensitive chemical probes. The simplest accepted mechanism for the production of light from biological reactions is that of the crustacean Cypridina hilgendorfi ... 

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