Chemiluminescence-based biosensors

Optical fibers associated with a sensitive light detector appeared to be convenient transducers for designing biosensors involving these kinds of luminescent reactions. Recently, chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence detections have been used instead of fluorescence for the development of biochips and microarrays. 

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Bioluminescence- and Chemiluminescence-Based Biosensors These reactions are the most sensitive chemical probes. The simplest accepted mechanism for the production of light from biological reactions is that of the cmstacean Cypridina hilgendorfii ... 

First, examples of fluorescence [235] and chemiluminescence-based biosensors [236], derived fix)m PTs, were reported by Tripathy and coworkers. Later, the synthesis of 119 containing pendant biotin units was described. A water-soluble copolymer 120 with sulfonate and biotin in the side chains [237] exhibits a deep violet color (Amax = 550 run) which turns yellow (A ax = 400 nm) on binding with avidin. An extension of this work based on the homopolymer 121 involved the preparation of monolayers of a biotinylated PT on an aminosilane-treated ITO surface by successive deposition of 121 and biocytin hydrazide in electrostatic interactions [238,239]. This ultrathin film modified electrode was shown to detect femtomoles of avidin in aqueous solution. Electrochemical and optical evidences for avidin binding were reported for a copolymer based on poly(terthiophene) 122 [240] and for the homopolymer 123 [198]. 

Pande, R., S. Kamtekar, M.S. Ayyagari, M. Kamath, K.A. Marx, J. Kumar, S.K. Tripathy, and D.L. Kaplan. 1996. A biotinylated undecylthiophene copolymer bioconjugate for surface immobilization Creating an alkaline phosphatase chemiluminescence-based biosensor. Bioconjugate Chem 7 159-164. 

Table 1. H202-generating enzymatic systems for chemiluminescence-based optical fibre biosensors (Abbreviations OX = oxidase, PNPase = purine nucleoside phosphorylase).

Fluorescence and chemiluminescence sensors are considered the most sensitive in the class of optical sensors. They have a higher selectivity because the chemiluminescent and fluorescent reactions take place in certain medium conditions, and only a limited group of ions and molecules can be involved. When the selectivity of this type of sensor is not sufficient, the quality of analysis can be improved by using a biochemical reaction such as an enzymatic reaction (chemiluminescence- or fluorescence-based biosensors) or an immunoreaction (chemiluminescence- or fluorescence-based immunosensors). By using these types of optical sensors the chemical analysis becomes most sensitive and selective.265... 

Lan, D.D., Li, B.B., Zhang, Z.Z., 2008. Chemiluminescence flow biosensor for glucose based on gold nanoparticle-enhanced activities of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Biosens. Bioelectron. 24, 940. 

Blum LJ and Gautier SM (1991) Bioluminescence- and chemiluminescence-based fibre optic sensors. In Blum LJ and Goulet PR (eds.) Biosensor Principles and Applications, pp. 213-247. New York Dekker. 

Li Y, Qi H, Peng Y, Yang J, Zhang C (2007) Electrogenerated chemiluminescence aptamer-based biosensor for the determination of cocaine. Electiochem Comm 9(10) 2571-2575... 

Chouhan, R.S., VivekBabu, K., Kumar, M.A., Neeta, N.S., Thakur, M.S., Amitha Rani, B.E., Pasha, A., Karanth, N.G., and Karanth, N.G.K., 2006. Detection of methyl parathion using immuno-chemiluminescence based image analysis using charge coupled device. Biosensor and Bioelectronics. 21 1264-1271. 

Mei, Y., L. Ran, X. Ying, Z. Yuan, and S. Xin. 2007. A sequential injection analy-sis/chemiluminescent plant tissue-based biosensor system for the determination of diamine. Biosensor. Bioelectron. 22 871-876. 

An electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on polymer-MWNT nanocomposites was prepared by y-irradiation polymerization for ethanol sensing. A higher sensing efficiency for ethanol using the ECL biosensor prepared with PAAc-MWCNT nanocomposites was measured compared with that of an ECL biosensor prepared with PMAc-MWCNT nanocomposites and purified MWCNTs. Experimental parameters affecting ethanol detection were also examined in terms of pH and the content of PAAc-MWCNT nanocomposites in Nafion. Little interference from other compounds was observed for the assay of ethanol. The results suggest that this ECL biosensor could be applied for ethanol detection in real samples. 

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) has proved to be useful for analytical applications including organic analysis, ECL-based immunosensors, DNA probe assays, and enzymatic biosensors. In the last few years, the electrochemistry and ECL of compound semiconductor nanocrystallites have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in analytical chemistry (ECL sensors). 

Hlavay J., Haemmerli S.D., Guilbault G.G., Fibre-optic biosensor for hypoxanthine and xanthine based on a chemiluminescence reaction, Biosens. Bioelectron 1994 9 189-195. 

Hlavay J., Guilbault G.G., Determination of sulphite hy use of a fiber-optic biosensor based on a chemiluminescent reaction, Anal. Chim. Acta 1994 299 91-96. 

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