Seed structure

Much remains to be accomplished in the separation, isolation, and identification of both naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive materials effective in the germination of parasitic weed seeds. Structure-activity studies suffer from the lack of separation of isomers in most synthetic samples. Strigol is an important tool in basic studies on the effect of chemicals on seed germination, but it is highly unlikely that the compound will meet practical field... 

Vaughan, J.G. and Whitehouse, J.M. (1971). Seed structure and the taxonomy of the Cruciferae. Botanical Journal ofLinnean Society 64 383-409. 

Builds a peptide ligand from a seed structure... 

Shewry PR, Tatham AS. The prolamin storage proteins of cereal seeds Structure and evolution. Biochem J 1990 267 1-12. 

A recent modification to the method has been reported [18] that involves the use of a subset of the dimensions for a set of structures with similar biological activity. This subset from an activity-seeded structure-based clustering has been called the receptor-relevant BCUT chemistry-space, and was used to perform a number of validation studies [18, 19]. The... 

Figure 13.8 Comparison of the enrichment obtained with the combined pharmacophore model (PPP model) resulting from a 1,5-A PPP cluster radius with the results of retrospective screening using the COX-2 inhibitors Rofecoxib, M5, and SC-558 as seed structures (courtesy S. Renner).

Shewry, P.R. and Tatham, A.S. (1990). The prolamins storage proteins of cereal seeds— structure and evolution. Biochem. J., 267, 1-12. 

Fig. 3 General structure of 2-[4-(thiazole-2-yl) phenyl]propionic acid derived cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and some of its seed structures...

Fig. 9 General structure of thiazole and thiadiazole class of adenosine Ai and A3 receptor antagonists and their quinazoline, isoquinoline seed structures...

Fig. 16 Strategy adopted in the identification of thiazoles (e) as potential NPY5 receptor antagonists from the virtual screening of 3D-pharmacophore (d) (Reprinted with permission from [130]. Copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd.) developed from three dissimilar seed structures (compoimds a-c). From of this strategy compound f has been identified and found to show mouse NPY5 receptor inhibition (IC50) at 40 nM...

When gas chromatography became established as an analytical technique, certain classes of metabolite proved particularly amenable to study. These were volatile oils (see monoterpenes), the constituents of leaf surface waxes and, in the form of their methyl esters, the fatty acid components of fixed oils and fats, particularly those occurring in seeds. Structural variation within each of these t)q)es of compound proved to be somewhat less pronounced than with many other groups of metabolites. Nevertheless, the classification of plant families on the basis of the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the predominant fatty acids was proposed (Smith, 1976). 

The fruits of legumes are dry or fleshy, multi-seeded structures known as legumes or pods. The fruits and seeds of some legume species are highly nutritious because of their large concentrations of protein. The seeds of some species, however, contain toxic alkaloids and can be poisonous. 

The physical and chemical properties of dry beans are primary factors in determining subsequent final product quality. Dry bean seed structure is comprised of a seed coat and an embryonic cotyledon. Structurally, seed coat, cell walls, middle lamella and other cellular membranes greatly influence performance. Further, chemical components (carbohydrates, proteins, phytate, polyphenols and lignin) directly influence quality. 

The objective is to massively deform the seed structure by crushing and shearing and to leave the crushed seed with a large surface/volume ratio (a thin flake). Rapeseed flakes thinner than 0.2 mm are very fragile, whereas flakes thicker than 0.3 mm process less satisfactorily. Therefore, the general practice has been to flake the seed to within these limits. (Early experience... 

Indazole A medicinally important heterocychc moiety 12MCR1509. Indazoles A new top seed structure in the search of efficient drugs against Trypanosoma cmzi 13FMC1843. 

Figure 5.7 Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatogram of phenacyl ester derivatives of the fatty acids from cottonseed cotyledons and embryos. CIS (50 nun x 4.5 nun, 3 pm particle size) and C8 (150 nun x 4.5 nun, 5 pm) were used in tandem. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water, and the flow rate was 1.5 ml min . An initial mixture of acetonitrile/ water (80 20 vol./vol.) was maintained for 25 min, followed by a gradient to acetonitrile/water (85 15) for a further 10 min and then to 100% acetonitrile for a final 10 min. A variable-wavelength detector was employed. Redrawn from Wood, R., Comparison of the cyclopropene fatty acid content of cottonseed varieties, glanded and glandless seeds, and various seed structures, Biochem. Arch., 2, 73-80, 1986.

Wood, R. (1986b) Comparison of the cyclopropene fatty acid content of cottonseed varieties, glanded and glandless seeds, and various seed structures. Biochem. Arch., 2, 73-80. 

Weckerle, C. S. and Rutishauser, R. (2005). Gynoecium, fruit and seed structure of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 159-189. 

In this chapter we will survey the major features of seed structure which should be understood in order to appreciate points raised in subsequent chapters. Detailed accounts of seed structure can be found in works on plant anatomy and morphology as well as in recently published studies [1, 7]. We will, however, give special, detailed attention to the food reserves of seeds, the site of accumulation of which is obviously closely associated with structure. 

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