Cross section electronic

Fig. 4, Cross-sectional electron micrographs of (a) primed PAA interphase and (b) unprimed PA oxide. showing complete penetration of primer into the oxide pores [9].

Figure 10. Cross-sectional electron micrographs of possible Ru-based magnetic tunneling...

Figure 11(b) shows a cross-section electron micrograph of a discontinuous magnetic tunnel junction (DMTJ), consisting of two planes of magnetic Co nanoparticles sandwiched between three insulating SiC>2 layers. After moderate annealing, this simple bilayer DMTJ showed an MR of 4%... 

Fig. 11 Cross-sectional electron micrographs of Geo.94 Snoo6- Top panel shows atomically flat film surface morphology, middle panel shows the exceptional uniformity of the film fhickness. Bottom panel is a high-resolution electron micrograph of the interface region showing virtually perfect epitaxial growth. Arrows indicate the location of misfit dislocations. (From Ref. l) (View this art in color at www. dekker.com.)...

Fig. 2.11. Cross-sectional electron micrograph of Co/Zr multilayer diffusion couple consisting of many alternating layers of Co ami Zr. The thin layers showing bright and dark contrast are Ni while the thicker layers are Zr. The period of the multilayer structure is about 50 nm. The diffusion couple has been reacted for 2 h at 210 C. The gray layers separating the Co and Zr are amorphous 2.41 J...

Another process which can be of importance in limiting the lifetime is the scattering of one electron off another in the same bunch, known as the Touschek effect. The scattering rate depends on the electron energy and density in the bunch and so is important usually for low emittance or low energy machines, which have a high current in a short, small cross section, electron bunch. 

Fig. 3. Comparison of numerical/y calculated cross section for linear molecule HCl with various theoretical cross sections electronic polarizability a, 2.63 A dipole moment / , 1.08 Debye units.

Figure 3. High-resolution cross-section electron micrograph of the tBN/cBN 2 3-transition in a magnetron sputtered BN film.

The characterisation of the as-welded microstructure in different regions of the 9Cr-lMo weldment has been carried out by extensive cross section electron microscopy. The observed microstructures at varying distances from the heat source have been correlated with the temperature isotherms predicted for each region. The repartitioning of solutes, namely Cr and Mo between the weld metal and heat affected zone has been established. 

Fig. 24.8 Cross-sectional electron micrographs taken before and after electrochemical cycling of a PEMFC MEA [22]...

The electron gun is basic to the structure and operation of any cathode-ray device, specifically display devices. In its simplest schematic form, an electron gun may be represented by the diagram in Fig. 5.96, which shows a triode gun in cross section. Electrons are emitted by the cathode, which is heated by the filament to a temperature sufficiently high to release the electrons. Because this stream of electrons emits from the cathode as a cloud rather than a beam, and it is necessary to accelerate, focus, deflect, and... 

A novel method for the study of diffusion through catalytic layers has been recently proposed by Novak et al. [20]. The authors predicted the effective dififusivity by employing a detailed pore scale model. This model is based on the digital reconstruction of the porous layers as 3D matrices using the information from cross-section electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 

Fig. 9.8 Cross-sectional electron probe nticro-analysis elemental mapping for phosphorous (left) and nitrogen (right) of a membrane-electrode assembly...

Fig. 1 Cross-sectional electron microprobe images of four locations of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from a polymer-electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) stack that was subjected to 1,994 uncontrolled start/stop cycles. The stack utilized two fuel passes, as shown. As expected by the reverse-current mechanism, the amount of damage depends on the distance from the fuel inlet. Note the changes in the cathode catalyst layer and the presence of platinum in the membrane, especially in the second pass...

The only two cases where a repetitive pattern was shown by X-ray diffraction concerned the chloroplast membrane (von Kreutz and Mencke, 1962 von Kreutz, 1964) and the photoreceptor membranes of the frog retina (Blasie et al., 1969). In both cases the observed patterns concerned protein units these, in the first case, measured 35 A and formed a planar array (see Fig. 10a) at the surface of a lipid layer. In the second case, the units were cylindrical molecules of rho-dopsin the evidence clearly excluded the possibility for these particles to be spherical lipoproteins or lipid micelles since their cross-sectional electron density was not characteristic of these phases, but definitely that of protein. 

Cross-sectional electron micrograph of Fe-20Cr alloy (Linde B AI2O3 surface finish) showing protection by surface oxide at 550°C and regions of iocalized corrosion at 450°C. 

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