Criminal case, purpose

In criminal cases, the availability of readable fingerprints is often critical in establishing evidence of a major crime. It is necessary, therefore, to follow proper procedures when taking fingerprints. In major cases, prints should be obtained from all persons who may have touched areas associated with a crime scene, for elimination purposes. 

Lawsuits, like the ones mentioned above, are typically initiated following a tort. A tort is an act, or absence of an act, that causes a person to be injured, a reputation to be marred, or property to be damaged. A lawsuit differs from a criminal case in that the purpose of a lawsuit is to obtain compensation for damage suffered. A criminal case seeks to punish the wrongdoer without compensation. A tort may give rise to a criminal action or a lawsuit. 

Forensic science is the application of science for the purpose of answering questions related to a civil or criminal case. Mass spectrometry is an important tool of the forensic scientist. It is used to analyze body fluids for the presence and levels of drugs and other toxic substances. 

Physical evidence serves two purposes. In some cases it is used to prove a component or element of a crime. Eor example, in a case involving trafficking in cocaine [50-36-2] the prosecutor must prove that the white powder found in the criminal s possession was cocaine (Table 1). The forensic chemist tests the substance and issues a report. If the powder is methamphetamine [537-46-2] the charge must be amended. 

This law, which is a criminal law, is so loosely worded that it is at the moment impossible to establish criteria for paints, varnishes, or lacquers to be placed on children s furniture or toys to be sold in Maryland. Further, the Maryland law has little protective value, since anyone can repaint children s furniture or toys with any material regardless of its suitability for the purpose and its inherent toxicity. This law, as it stands, places a heavy and complex burden on the manufacturer and marketer of children s toys and furniture—and necessarily on the manufacturer of paints, lacquers, and varnishes. The Maryland law has greater significance as a piece of troublesome legislation in that in the courts of the state of Maryland, the jury is the judge of the law as well as the facts under the law, and since under criminal law each case would be argued on its own merits, two different juries might reach contradictory decisions on the same set of circumstances. 

Under any conception of legal necessity, one principle is clear The defense cannot succeed when the legislature itself has made a determination of values. 1 W. La lave A. Scott, Substantive Criminal Law 5.4, p. 629 (1986). In the case of the Controlled Substances Act, the statute reflects a determination that marijuana has no medical benefits worthy of an exception (outside the confines of a Government-approved research project). Whereas some other drugs can be dispensed and prescribed for medical use, see 21 U.S.C. 829 the same is not true for marijuana. Indeed, for purposes of the Controlled Substances Act, marijuana has no currently accepted medical use at all. 811. 

A canon of Renaissance dramatists was beginning to be formed, one in which rebelliousness - contrasted with Shakespeare s image as law-abiding citizen - was an important criterion for revival. However much biographical criticism has been decried, it is clear from the case of Marlowe that being able to associate dramatic works with a distinctive personality - especially one with a criminal record - helps to ensure a place in the theatrical repertory. Marlowe is often slotted into a Shakespeare season for comparison purposes The Jew of Malta with The Merchant of Venice, Edward II with Richard... 

The analysis of many classes of materials is undertaken with the purpose of discovering the chemical and physical history of the object. This is certainly the case in forensic analysis where substances collected from a crime scene can provide vital information that may incriminate suspected criminals. The exchange principle enunciated by Edmund Locard (Thornton, 1997) is also applicable to fibers in the sense that every stage in the synthesis or processing of the fibers or filaments, every thermal or mechanical treatment and every subsequent contact with chemicals leaves an indelible mark on the material. The challenge is to detect, characterize, and correctly interpret the information. Thermal analysis provides a set of tools that, effectively applied, can provide a wealth of information from minute samples. 

---