Crack cocaine smoke

Gawin F., Allen D., Humblestone B. Outpatient treatment of crack cocaine smoking with flupentixol decanoate. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 46 322, 1989. 

Henderson and co-workers demonstrated an even more pronounced effect on the retention of cocaine after a permanent wave solution was applied. The amounts of cocaine incorporated from crack cocaine smoke prior to treatment were as follows Asian, 52.6ng/mg hair Caucasian brown, 22.7 ng/mg hair and Caucasian blond, 14.9ng/mg hair. After treatment, these concentrations drop to Asian, 8.2 ng/mg hair Caucasian brown, 2.2 ng/mg hair and Caucasian blond, 0.8 ng/mg hair. The percentage decreases from the untreated hair were similar Asian, 84% Caucasian... 

Crack Cocaine Street Names Freebase. Mexican speedballs (crack w/ methamphetamine), roosten tornado (ovct 40 street slang terms) Use Crack is cocaine that comes in a rock crystal that can be heated and its vapors smoked. The tOTn crack ref s to the crackling sound heard when it is heated Actions CNS stimulant induces euphoria. Highly addictive Effects Acute CV or cerebrovascular emergencies (heart attack or stroke), could result in sudden death. Cocaine-related deaths are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizure followed by resp arrest (see also Cocaine)... 

The presence of cocaine or benzoylecgonine in blood, urine, hair, or other tissues is indicative of cocaine usage. No other known substance can give rise to a false positive, and there are no legitimate excuses to account for a positive result. There are many reports of hospitalized infants and children with positive urine test results indicative of exposure to cocaine. The most likely route of exposure was secondhand smoke in homes where crack cocaine was used. 

Cocaine hydrochloride is a water-soluble salt that can be injected or absorbed by any mucosal membrane (eg, nasal snorting). When heated in an alkaline solution, it is transformed into the free base, "crack cocaine," which can then be smoked. Inhaled crack cocaine is rapidly absorbed in the lungs and penetrates swiftly into the brain, producing an almost instantaneous "rush."... 

By the mid-1980s a new, more potent form of cocaine appeared. Cooking cocaine with baking soda turned it into a rocklike substance that could be smoked. Besides packing a lot of punch for its relatively low price, crack cocaine enticed users who were afraid of needles and the infections (such as HIV/AIDS) they could bring. Crack affected the body differently than powder cocaine ... 

Cocaine and amphetamines share a similar profile of addictiveness, though cocaines addictive properties are more intense. The cocaine that is inhaled nasally is the hydrochloride salt. The free-base form of cocaine, called crack cocaine, is also abused. As with the street drug ice, which is the free-base form of methamphetamine, crack cocaine is volatile and may be smoked for what is an intense but profoundly dangerous and addictive high. 

CRACK COCAINE A highly addictive free-base cocaine that is smoked. Crack is made by combining powder cocaine and sodium bicarbonate. 

According to the Federal Trafficking Penalties, a first-time offender convicted of possessing five grams of crack cocaine, will receive a mandatory minimum sentence of five years in prison without parole. Five grams of crack cocaine, which can fit into a tablespoon, can be broken into 50-200 rocks to be smoked. 

High doses or prolonged use of cocaine can trigger paranoia. Smoking crack cocaine can produce a particularly aggressive paranoid behavior. When addicted... 

Cocaine hydrochloride is often divided into lines on a mirror and then snorted. Crack cocaine is sold as rocks, commonly smoked in a crude pipe. 

Dissection of the aorta has been reported during cocaine use (82,83). The authors of these two reports noted that all six cases of this rare complication reported in the past 5 years were in men with pre-existing essential hypertension. In a review of emergency visits to a hospital during a 20-year period, 14 of 38 cases of acute aortic dissection involved cocaine use 6 were of type A and 8 of type B (84). Crack cocaine had been smoked in 13 cases and powder cocaine had been snorted in one case. The mean time of onset of chest pain was 12 hours after cocaine use. The chronicity of cocaine use was not known in most of the cases. The cocaine users were typically younger than the non-cocaine users. Chronic untreated hypertension and cigarette smoking were often present. 

The electrocardiographic PR interval increased with increasing abstinence from crack cocaine in a study of 441 chronic cocaine users who had smoked at least 10 g of cocaine in the 3 months before enrollment (97). The authors suggested that this may have reflected the normalization of a depolarization defect. Chronic cocaine users have shortened PR intervals, indicative of rapid cardiac depolarization. 

Empyema-like eosinophilic pleural effusion following the use of smoked crack cocaine has been reported (114). 

Corneal ulceration secondary to smoking crack cocaine has been reported in a 27-year-old woman (160). 

Cases of the crack eye syndrome continue to be reported. Of 14 crack cocaine users with corneal problems, 10 had corneal ulcers infected with both bacterial and fungal organisms 4 had corneal epithelial defects (161). All were actively smoking crack daily. The authors suggested that crack smoking predisposes users, through an unknown mechanism, to corneal epithelial changes, infection, and perforation. Typical presentations include loss of vision with or without pain. 

Central retinal artery occlusion has previously been reported in cases of intravenous and intranasal cocaine abuse and has also been reported in a man who smoked crack cocaine (166). 

In all likelihood, a prolonged Valsalva maneuver while smoking crack cocaine causes of pneumoperitoneum. Repeated, deep, vigorous inhalation can cause an abrupt imbalance of pressures in the pulmonary alveolar-capillary complex. Free air from ruptured alveoli then dissects along fascial planes and can collect in the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. 

Cocaine can be administered via a variety of different rontes. Popnlarly, the hydrochloride salt is insufflacated ( snorted ) from a line of white powder and the drng absorbed across the mncons membranes of the nose. Alternatively, it may be administered by injection. Crack cocaine, or Rocks may be administered by smoking. 

---