Magnetic Modulation Atomic CN and Thermal Coupling

Interspin interaction and the spin momentum dictate the magnetism of nanoferromagnetic system, following the BOLS notation, Ising premise, and Brillouin functions. 

The Tc drops with solid size because of the increased fraction of surface atoms and the associated depression of atomic cohesive energy. 

At extremely low temperature, the Ms(K, T) increases with oscillatory features as the solid size is reduced. Surface spins associated with the entrapment of the 3d and Af electrons and the polarization of the non-bonding electrons contribute and raise the surface magnetism. 

At the mid-Tregion, the M s drops with size. The spin direction will fluctuate due to thermal agitation, and the magnetization becomes lower with solid size. 

The He increases with the shrink of particle size because of the enhancement of interdomain interaction. 

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