Electric-magnetic coupling

A hydraulic coupling or electric magnetic coupling, type e, with a constant-speed motor drive would have the power-input curve DEJ. 

Replacement of the molecule by its optical enantiomer changes the sign of (6.5) so that in the term in the dispersion energy (6.6) that depends on electric-magnetic coupling changes sign when one molecule is replaced,... 

The second term, 9ie-m reflects coupling between the electric transition dipole of one molecule and the magnetic transition dipole of the other molecule. This is called electric-magnetic coupling. 

The axial component of the total magnetic hyperfine interaction, A 3/2, in the 2n3/2 component is equal to a+ (b + c)/2, where a, b and c are the Frosch and Foley [192] constants. In the 2n1/2 component the axial hyperfine constant, h /2, is equal to a — (b + c)/2. Since both fine-structure components can usually be studied by pure microwave experiments, a partial separation of the magnetic hyperfine constants can be achieved. The electric quadrupole coupling constant, eq0 Q, is obtained for both isotopes. 

The Mossbauer effect is sensitive to the oxidation and spin state of iron and the environment around the iron nucleus therefore different chemical species yield different Mossbauer spectra. Furthermore all spin states and oxidation states of iron are accessible to the technique. There are three main components of a Mossbauer spectrum. The isomer shift arises from the electron density at the 57Fe nucleus the quadrupole splitting results from the electric field gradient produced by electrons and ions around the 57Fe nucleus, and the nuclear Zeeman splitting is sensitive to the spin state and magnetic coupling of the iron. 

We consider the general balance equations of mass and energy in the absence of chemical reactions, and electrical, magnetic and viscous effects. The partial differential equations of these general balance equations represent the mathematically and thermodynamically coupled phenomena, which may describe some complex behavior due to interactions among various forces and flows within a system. 

For a ternary mixture, equations above can describe thermodynamically and mathematically coupled mass and energy conservation equations without chemical reaction, and electrical, magnetic and viscous effects. To solve these equations, we need the data on heats of transport, thermal diffusion coefficient, diffusion coefficients and thermal conductivity, and the accuracy of solutions depend on the accuracy of the data. 

Probably the most interesting feature of SCLCPs is their ability to freeze an anisotropic alignment below the glass transition, coupled with the fluidity of the mesophase [32]. This alignment can be attained by electric, magnetic or mechanical fields. 

Internal agitation is usually provided through an external magnetic coupled rotor, although in some cases, internal electric motors have been used. While both methods add cost to the system, agitation makes an essential contribution to process consistency. 

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