Magnetism spin-orbit coupling

Figure A The variation with temperature and spin-orbit coupling constant, of the magnetic moments of octahedral, low-spin, d" ions, (The values of at 300 K are marked for individual ions).

The magnitude of the separation between the adjacent states of a term indicates the strength of the spin-orbit coupling, and in all but two cases (Sm and Eu ) it is sufficient to render the first excited state of the Ln ions thermally inaccessible, and so the magnetic properties are determined solely by the ground state. It can be shown that the magnetic moment expected for such a situation is given by ... 

As the actinides are a Second f series it is natural to expect similarities with the lanthanides in their magnetic and spectroscopic properties. However, while previous treatments of the lanthanides (p. 1242) provide a useful starting point in discussing the actinides, important differences are to be noted. Spin-orbit coupling is again strong (2000-4000 cm ) but, because of the greater exposure of the 5f... 

Here and H describe radicals A and B of the radical pair and He the interaction of their electrons. The other terms in equation (15) are H g, the spin orbit coupling term, H g and Hgj, representing the interaction of the externally applied magnetic field with the electron spin and nuclear spin, respectively Hgg is the electron spin-spin interaction and Hgi the electron-nuclear hyperfine interaction. 

Figure 5-8. Spin-orbit coupling splits the term into three levels Fj. An externally applied magnetic field splits up the levels into their Mj components.

Spin-orbit coupling, which arises from the magnetic interactions amongst electrons, splits the F term into levels Fj with J values varying from the sum (L -i-5 ) to the difference IL-51, as usual. We find J ranging 0 to 6 in this case. For less-... 

Finally, the magnetic moments resulting from the spin and the orbital motion interact. This spin-orbit coupling is taken into account by the total angular momentum quantum number J (Russel-Saunders coupling) ... 

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