Counter concept

The witnesses must appreciate the characteristics of the typed person and event by referring the type to a dialectical counterpart. Ideally, the witnesses should not be able to contemplate the features of the denounced person without reference to the counter-conception, as the profanity of an occurrence or a desire or a character trait, for example, is clarified by the references it bears to its opposite, the sacred. ... 

The Axle Counter Concept Safety Case (ATKINS, 2002) was developed to demonstrate that axle counter systems can be implemented safely on Network Rail controlled infrastructure where track circuits would otherwise have been used. 

The Axle Counter Concept Safety Case does not attempt to show that risks associated with axle counters are ALARP in an absolute sense. It does show that the risks associated with axle counters can be made as low, or lower than, those associated with track circuits. 

Extensive and systematic hazard identification has been carried out based on the description of the system and the operational environment (Ludc, 2003b). All of the hazards identified during the hazard identification study have been analysed, stmctured and mapped to the Core Hazards (higher level hazard groupings) originating from the Axle Counter Concept Safety Case, which aims to support the development of Cause-Consequence models for the project. 

A review was carried out of the models and relevant documentation including the Axle Counter Concept Safety Case and the Axle Counter Template Application Safety Case. 

ATKINS, 2002) ATKINS GLOBAL (2002) Axle Counter Concept... 

Counter-rotating TSEs are applied in PVC compounding and processing. This concept has been used by Farrel for mbber mixing and they call this aggregate the Farrel Continuous Mixer. ... 

Verwey and Hamaker (10) have modified the Morse curve to take into account the approach of two charged bodies, as shown in Figure 4. Here, as one moves outward toward increasing distance of separation, an electrostatic repulsion is encountered because the charges are similar. A secondary minimum is then encountered as a result of the concentration of counter ions around each charged particle. The shallowness of the secondary minimum shows that the deflocculated system is metastable. The importance of the Verwey and Hamaker concept lies in its ability to show graphically the correlation between the secondary minimum and the metastable position. A, Figure 1. 

The involvement of halogen bonding in conducting molecular materials is essentially based on the use of halogenated TTFs in electrocrystallization experiments with counter ions of Lewis base character prone to act as halogen bond acceptors. This concept was first successfully introduced by Imakubo... 

Figure 3. Concept for the ultralow-level counter. Low-level counting facilities could be improved by using pulsed lasers to ionize daughter atoms selectively (when neutral) by using a RIS scheme. Shown here is the electronics logic that could be used to further reduce background for more details, see Ref. 8.

The genetotrophic idea was first conceived in connection with the experimental work on alcohol consumption by rats. When it was found that the alcohol consumption of rats (1) was highly individual 12, 13, 14 (as were also their excretion patterns), 15 and (2) was genetically controlled (as evidenced by the distinctive behavior of each inbred strain and the relatively small variation within inbred strains),13, 14 and (3) could be increased by deficient diets and abolished by fortified ones, 12, 13 the genetotrophic ideas appeared to be the only reasonable interpretation of the facts. 16,17 Since these original observations were made, dozens of other facts, many of which have been and will be presented in the present volume, have become explicable on the basis of the genetotrophic concept. To date there are no observations, so far as I am aware, that appear to go counter to this idea. 

Of course, the counter response of our people was that we are behind the times in the use of these concepts. It is with this idea in mind that we embarked on the panel discussion. 

Stripping can equally be done in single-stage, cross-flow, or counter-current systems. To illustrate how the overall concepts remain valid, the performance of a countercurrent cascade accepting as feed the scrubbed extract... 

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