Cascades countercurrent

Other burners are used for low capacity operations. A cascade or checker burner, ia which molten sulfur flows down through brick checkerwork countercurrent to a flow of air, is used ia small units with a sulfur trioxide converter to condition gases entering electrostatic precipitators at boiler plants operating on low sulfur coal. A small pan burner, which is fed with soHd, low carbon sulfur, is used to produce sulfur dioxide for solution ia irrigation water to control the pH and maintain porosity ia the soil. The same type of burner is used to disiafect wastewater ia this case sulfur dioxide is used iastead of chlorine. 

In pressure diffusion, a pressure gradient is estabUshed by gravity or in a centrifugal field. The lighter components tend to concentrate in the low pressure (center) portion of the fluid. Countercurrent flow and cascading extend the separation effect. 

FIG. 13-42 General adiabatic countercurrent cascade for simple absorption or stripping. 

Fig. 5-19. Cascaded system for countercurrent 99 %+ separation of racemic mixtures [75].

SEE extraction pressures of 500 bar at 80 to lOO C combined with countercurrent cascading mode of extraction using four extraction vessels, the rate of oleoresin extraction doubles again rate of oleoresin extraction under these conditions is four times that of traditional batch extraction at 300 bar and 60°C... 

Fig. 1.25 shows a countercurrent stagewise mass transfer cascade and the resulting staged profile of the two streams, owing to the mass transfer between the streams. 

For a high degree of extraction efficiency, it is usual to connect several continuous flow stages to form a countercurrent flow extraction cascade, as indicated in Fig. 3.36. 

Countercurrent Extraction Cascade with Slow Chemical Reaction... 

A countercurrent extraction cascade with reaction A + B C was considered by Ingham and Dunn (1974), as shown in Fig. 3.40. The reaction takes place between a solute A in the L-phase, which is transferred to the G-phase by the process of mass transfer, where it then reacts with a second component, B, also in the G-phase, to form an inert product, C. 

The modelling approach to multistage countercurrent equilibrium extraction cascades, based on a mass transfer rate term as shown in Sec. 1.4, can therefore usefully be applied to such types of extractor column. The magnitude of the... 

COOL - Three-Stage Reactor Cascade with Countercurrent Cooling... 

A cascade of three continuous stirred-tank reactors arranged in series, is used to carry out an exothermic, first-order chemical reaction. The reactors are jacketed for cooling water, and the flow of water through the cooling jackets is countercurrent to that of the reaction. A variety of control schemes can be employed and are of great importance, since the reactor scheme shows a multiplicity of possible stable operating points. This example is taken from the paper of Mukesh and Rao (1977). 

CONTROL AND STARTUP OF A 3-STAGE CSTR CASCADE MULTIPLE OPERATING STATES AND COUNTERCURRENT COOLING... 

A countercurrent multistage extraction system is shown below, which is to be modelled as a cascade of equilibrium stages. 

FIVE STAGE COUNTERCURRENT EXTRACTION CASCADE EQUILIBRIUM STAGE MODEL... 

This model is described in Sec. 3.3.1.5 and consists of a countercurrent stagewise extractor cascade with backmixing in both phases. 

Five stage countercurrent extraction cascade with backmixing Equilibrium stage model... 

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