Oil Cotton-seed

The metal bath may bo replaced by a bath of hydrogenated cotton seed oil or of Silicone oil. 

As a general rule flasks and similar vessels should be heated in an air bath (compare Fig. II, 5, 3). A glycerol bath may be employed for temperatures up to 140° the glycerol is subsequently removed from the outside of the vessel by washing with water. Medicinal liquid paraffin may be used for temperatures up to about 220° hard hydrogenated cotton seed oil, Silicone fluids or fusible metal may be employed when higher temperatures are required. Small test-tubes and centrifuge tubes... 

Cocoa butter substitutes and equivalents differ greatly with respect to their method of manufacture, source of fats, and functionaHty they are produced by several physical and chemical processes (17,18). Cocoa butter substitutes are produced from lauric acid fats such as coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils by fractionation and hydrogenation from domestic fats such as soy, com, and cotton seed oils by selective hydrogenation or from palm kernel stearines by fractionation. Cocoa butter equivalents can be produced from palm kernel oil and other specialty fats such as shea and ilHpe by fractional crystallization from glycerol and selected fatty acids by direct chemical synthesis or from edible beef tallow by acetone crystallization. 

Cotton seed oil and solvent Oil release from 10/200 sieve product B 2,400 30... 

Hard hydrogenated cotton-seed oil (m 40-60°) or a 1 1 mixture of cotton-seed oil and castor oil containing about 1% of hydroquinone. 

Alkaloids are active bioagents in animal tissues. There is clear scientific evidence of this. Crawford and Kocan" " have tested the toxicity of steroidal alkaloids from the potato Solanum tuberosum), such as a-chaconine, a-solanine, solanidine and solasodine, and Veratrum alkaloid, jervine on fish. The results of Crawford and Kocan s research proved that rainbow trout exhibited a toxic response to chaconine, solasidine and solanine, while medaka only did so to chaconine and solanine. Embryo mortality was observed as an effect of toxicity in both species. Many other alkaloids are known to disturb or cause disorder in animal reproductive systems. For example, gossypol from cotton-seed oil is known as a clear reducer of spermatogenesis and premature abortion of the embryo. 

This procedure is used in the pharmacopoeial assays of castor oil, cod liver oil, cotton seed oil, almond oil and sesame seed oil. 

Tinsley, I. J., G. Wilson, and R. R. Lowry. Tissue fatty acid changes and tumor incidence in C3H mice ingesting cotton seed oil. Lipids 1982 17 115-117. 

Semidrying oils arc intermediate in nature. The principal semidrying oils are cotton-seed oil. Soyabean oil, corn or maize oil and sesame oil, The loiter is obtained from the seeds of Sesamun indicutn. a member of the Pedaiiaceue. cultivated in India, China and Japan, where the oil is much used as a loud oil and for cooking. 

Kose, O., Tuter, M., and Aksoy, W. A. 2002. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of cotton seed oil in a solvent free medium. Bioresour Technol., 83,125-129. 

Royon, D., Daz, M., Ellenrieder, G., and Locatelh, S. 2007. Enzymatic production of biodiesel from cotton seed oil using f-butanol as a solvent. Bioresour. Technol., 98, 648-653. 

When in a state of tine division several of the metals exhibit powerful catalysing properties. For example, platinum black introduced into hydrogen and oxygen mixed in the proportions necessary to form water, causes the two gases to unite with a loud explosion whilst, nickel is used commercially in a. (inely divided condition for effecting the hardening or hydrogenation of unsaturaled oils, such as linseed and cotton-seed oils. 

Gossypium hirsutum (cotton seed oil), Hibiscus syriacus (seed oil) (Malvaceae)... 

The following oils are recommended in decreasing order of preference, the bracketed numbers indicating the approximate linoleic acid content sunflower-seed oil (60), poppy-seed oil (60), cotton-seed oil (45). 

These figures are based on the use of sunflower-seed oil containing 5 7 per cent linoleic acid. With other oils, the yield will be proportionally larger or smaller, depending on the analysis of the oil. Approximate values for three oils may be calculated from the values given in Note 3 above. The yield from cotton-seed oil is 26-30 g. The checkers have brominated about nine times the amounts stated in these directions and have obtained proportionate yields. 

When large quantities of the fatty acids are desired, the following method is more economical In a 5-1. round-bottomed flask, fitted with a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser, are placed 1.5 1. of methyl alcohol and 350 g. of potassium hydroxide. After solution is complete, 1.1 1. (1 kg.) of cotton-seed oil is added. The solution is stirred and refluxed for one to two hours, and then the methyl alcohol is removed by distillation. To the residue are added 1 1. of water and (slowly) 1.5 1. of cold 20 per cent sulfuric acid. The fatty acid layer is separated from the water layer, washed with two 1.5-1. portions of hot water, and then filtered with the aid of a hot water funnel. The acids are dried as described above. The yield is 950-975 g. of crude acids. 

---