Cotton cord tires

Blocks were supposedly done to help cotton farmers, though simultaneously, limits were placed upon quantities of cotton that could be grown. Cotton cord tires were a menace to all society. They were biodegradable and often failed catastrophically at moments of disaster. Few reasonable people would desire that we return to days of natural cotton tire cord or natural rubber automobile tires. These tire s life expectancy was about twenty thousand miles, under the best of conditions, but they were highly susceptible to flats and blowouts, shortening their useful lives... 

Tire Ya.rns, A method to iacrease the strength of viscose yam from the 0.2 N /tex (2.2 gf/den) standard to levels needed ia tires was first patented by Courtaulds ia 1935 (18). By raising the ziac concentration ia the spia bath to 4% the thread could be stretched more by immersing it ia a hot dilute acid bath duting extension. Filament strengths iacreased to about 0.3 N/tex (3.3 gf/den), and the cross section became rounder, with a thicker skin than regular viscose. Pairs of these yams were capable of beiag twisted iato tire cords which outperformed traditional cotton cords. 

Tires, like everything that rolls, encounter resistance. The resistance encountered by the tire rolling across a surface is a major factor in determining the amount of energy needed to move vehicles. Since Dunlop s original efforts, a considerable number of tire design improvements have been made that have tended to cause a decrease in tire power consumption. For example separate plies of cotton cord were intro-... 

Before synthetic textile cord was developed, the rubber industry was using casein or animal blood to promote adhesion between cotton cords and rubber. However, when rayon started to be used in the manufacture of tires in 1931, a new adhesive system was needed to promote a good rubber-to-rayon bond. In 1938, W.H. Charch and D.B. Maney of DuPont developed a new adhesive system that involved dipping rayon cord into what is today referred to as an RFL dip. This RFL dip has changed and been modified for the newer synthetic cords discussed earlier however, basically it is still very similar to what was originally developed seven decades earlier. 

Polyester fibers can be blended with natural fibers such as cotton and wool. The products have better qualities and are used for men s and women s wear, pillow cases, and bedspreads. Fiberfill, made from polyesters, is used in mattresses, pillows, and sleeping bags. High-tenacity polymers for tire cord reinforcement are equivalent in strength to nylon tire cords and are superior because they do not flat spot. V-belts and fire hoses made from industrial filaments are another market for polyesters. 

Clothing (suits, pants, shirts, and dresses either nonblended or blended with other fibers such as cotton), 50% home furnishings (carpets, pillows, bedspreads, hose, sewing thread, draperies, sheets, pillowcases), 20% industrial (tire cords), 30%... 

Pyrolysis produces three principal products - pyrolytic gas, oil, and char. Char is a fine particulate composed of carbon black, ash, and other inorganic materials, such as zinc oxide, carbonates, and silicates. Other by-products of pyrolysis may include steel (from steel-belted radial tires), rayon, cotton, or nylon fibers from tire cords, depending on the type of tire used. 

Major applications of fibers lie in apparel, home furnishing, and industrial products. In each of these, manufactured fibers have made large inroads, and currently their usage dominates. As an illustration, consider the changes that have taken place in the use of the materials required in the manufacture of tire cords. Originally made from cotton, rayon took a... 

Bureau of the Census, Cotton Broad Woven Goods, Facts for Industry, Series M 15A, quarterly, January 1943 to date. Production by type of goods, production of tire cord and fabrics and machinery used in manufacture of these products. Formerly Series 32-2 (January 1943-July 1947). 

A tire is a textile-steel-rubber composite the steel and textile cords reinforce the rubber and are the primary load-carrying structures within the tire. Because of the performance demands of fatigue resistance, tensile strength, durability, and resilience, seven principal materials have been found suitable for tire application cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, steel, fiberglass, and aramid the latter three materials find primary usage in the tire crown or belt region. 

Applications Weaves, knits Tire cord fabric, industrial yams Mixtures with wool or cotton Industrial sewing yams... 

Rayon fibers are used to prepare textile fabrics (paificulariy high fashion types), often in combination with cotton or polyester, in high fashion jeans, non wovens and special papers (e.g. tea bags). Once the mqor tire cord for both automotive and truck tires, it has been largely displaced by polyester in automotive tires and Kevlar in truck tires. This accounted for a major loss of demand for rayon. However, it is still used to a small extent in some automotive tires. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), known by the trade names Mylar, Dacron, and Terylene, has good mechanical strength up to 150-175°C as well as good chemical and solvent resistance. PET can be blended with cotton fiber to give better crease resistance, and it can also be used as tire cord, magnetic tape, and x-ray and photographic film, to name only a few applications. The structure is... 

The versatility of rayons, coupled with their lower price, makes them suitable for many textile applications. Rayon is used in clothing and home furnishings. Disposable nonwoven garments and products of rayon have been introduced to the consumer in recent years. The stronger rayons have been used in tire cord for several decades but have lost a significant portion of this important market in recent years. Rayon has been used more and more in blends with synthetic fibers, since rayon undergoes less degradation than cotton with durable press and wash-and-wear finishes. 

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