Cosmological redshift

Even if it were possible to explain the cosmological redshift phenomenon by de Broglie s aging photon model, the practical feasible direct test of the model is not easy to perform because the minimum necessary distance for the aging effect to be noted is considerable. Let us make a rough estimate of this distance, assuming that the cosmological redshift is due only to the interaction of the photon with the subquantum medium. 

Both pieces of evidence concern spiral galaxies the first concerns the nature of the cosmological redshift measured for such objects, while the second concerns the nature of spiral galaxy dynamics. To have a clear appreciation of the issues, some background knowledge is useful. 

It is crucial to understand that, even assuming a zero peculiar velocity, it is only rarely possible, even in principle, for this process to yield a cosmological redshift to better than 10 km/s accuracy—and, because astronomers have no particular need for highly accurate redshift determinations, the effort to obtain them is rarely made. 

The rotation curve is calculated in two steps (1) by subtracting the global redshift component (i.e., cosmological redshift + Doppler effect arising from peculiar motion) from the Doppler profile measured directly across the galaxy s disk and (2) by determining the actual dynamical centre of the galaxy. 

Around about 1980, William Tifft, a radio astronomer at the University of Arizona in Tucson, had the wild idea that, perhaps, the cosmological redshifts of galaxies had preferences for multiples of some basic unit. Subsequently, he looked and made two claims [1,2] ... 

All cosmological models ignore the chemical shift and consequently overemphasize the importance of the other components. In most analyses no distinction is made between the topological and Doppler shifts, treated together as a so-called cosmological redshift. The result of this is a vastly inflated astronomical distance scale. 

Modern cosmology is dominated by the Doppler interpretation of cosmological redshifts (Section 6.6.1) and the assumed expansion of the universe. It is therefore of interest that several alternative explanations of redshifting have been proposed. These proposals are essentially of two types, predicting redshifts that are either distance dependent, or not. Of those already discussed in these pages chronometric redshifts (7.3) are distance related while chemical shifts (5.1.2) are not. Observed redshifts are most likely due to more than just one of the factors discussed below. Not surprisingly, anomalies, like discordant redshifts observed from physically connected objects, are frequently observed. 

The evidence in favour of a quadratic dependence of redshift on distance cannot be ignored and the Doppler interpretation of cosmological redshifts needs revision. 

Only at w = c the wavelength, although indeterminate, is finite and the resulting photon has energy E = hi/. For r c, A —> oo. Thus, an infon is a photon whose wavelength has been stretched to infinity, readily identified with the quantum potential, and providing a simple interpretation of cosmological redshifts. 

The basic reason for the persistent discrepancy is the obstinate refusal to admit that cosmological redshifts could arise from anything but the Doppler effect. As in the Stonier (1990) model many observed redshifts may well be of the Doppler type, but unrelated to distance. In other cases the redshift may be distance dependent, but caused by curvatme and not expansion. It would clearly be impossible to find a common proportionality constant for two such imrelated linear relationships. In one instance maybe Hq = 100 compared to Hq = 50 in the other. Who knows ... 

Each of the many interpretations of spectroscopic redshifts can probably be developed into a unique cosmology. Since there is no scientifically reliable means of identifying the correct one, a model, which is compatible with all of the likely interpretations, should be favoured. However, in current usage the term, cosmological redshift, is used interchangeably with Doppler shift, which relates distance to rate of recession by Hubble s law. 

The author himself regards SSCM in its present form as natural philosophy rather than proven science, but its potential to elucidate cosmic phenomena is enormous. Cosmological redshift is a relevant example. As observed it is a galactic-scale phenomenon, which should correlate with an atomic-scale counterpart. The proposed chemical redshift (5.1.2) is the most likely candidate for this role. The theory predicts an enormous number of small black holes, which, re-interpreted as penetrating a vacuum interface, may lead to the recognition of new sources of astronomical luminosity. 

Wolf, E. (1987) Non-cosmological redshifts of spectral lines, Nature, 1987 (326) 363-365. 

The current understanding of interaction between stellar objects is clouded by biased estimates of the cosmic distance scale and may improve after reassessment of cosmological redshifts. 

In the same spirit of enquiry, the dogmatically accepted Doppler origin of cosmological redshifts is shown to be seriously inadequate. A host of alternatives are examined, with the conclusion that no single effect can possibly account for all observations. The redshifts in quasar and galactic light are conclusively shown to be of two different kinds. 

Ultimately however, the concept should be put to use in space where longer exposures and steady pointing would result in outstanding sensitivities. Yet, as a satellite instrument, a monochromatic lens would clearly be a handicap since its scientific objectives are too exclusive - already e.g. the possible annihilation line of most extragalactic sources (AGN s, quasars) would be inaccessible because of cosmological redshift. 

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