Chronometric Redshifts

While the dimensionality of space-time remains largely speculative, the argument will not be pursued any further, beyond pointing out that the naive interpretation of spectroscopic redshift as a three-dimensional Doppler effect is a futile attempt to visualize four-dimensional events. By a remarkable coincidence Segal (1976) has shown that a chronometric redshift and a Planckian microwave background occur in the same projective space as the modified Godel solution and that it satisfies all the main cosmological criteria. 

Modern cosmology is dominated by the Doppler interpretation of cosmological redshifts (Section 6.6.1) and the assumed expansion of the universe. It is therefore of interest that several alternative explanations of redshifting have been proposed. These proposals are essentially of two types, predicting redshifts that are either distance dependent, or not. Of those already discussed in these pages chronometric redshifts (7.3) are distance related while chemical shifts (5.1.2) are not. Observed redshifts are most likely due to more than just one of the factors discussed below. Not surprisingly, anomalies, like discordant redshifts observed from physically connected objects, are frequently observed. 

Figure 8.7 Fig, 1. (Prom Segal et al. 1991, with pemiission). The mean apparent magnitude of quasars as a function of redshift 2023 radio, optically and X-ray-selected quasars, 40 in each redshift bin. The solid broken line segments connect the means of each bin. The dotted curves labeled C and F are the predictions of the chronometric and Priedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies for a representative sample...

The time discrepancy of chronometric theory translates directly into a frequency shift through the energy operator —i d/dt) — hi/, which is related quadratically to luminosity (Segal, 1976). In the final analysis the chronometric effect, like the pertcmbation of electronic energy levels that causes chemical redshifts, therefore depends on the relative curvatm-e at the sites of emission and absorption of the radiation. Although there is a distance component associated with the curvature gradient it is not the primary cause of the observed redshift. 

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