Adrenal corticosteroids cortisone

Steroids A large family of drugs related to the adrenal hormone cortisone. They include anabolic steroids and corticosteroids. 

Since the finding that cortisone ameliorates the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (1949) the adrenal corticosteroid hormones and especially the synthetically prepared steroid analogues which have no natural counterpart in the body, have been successfully employed in the treatment of diseases not related to sex or sex function. 

The outer layer or cortex of the adrenal gland is the source of a large group of sub stances known as corticosteroids Like the bile acids they are derived from cholesterol by oxidation with cleavage of a portion of the alkyl substituent on the D ring Cortisol IS the most abundant of the corticosteroids but cortisone is probably the best known Cortisone is commonly prescribed as an antiinflammatory drug especially m the treat ment of rheumatoid arthritis... 

Cortisone is a natural corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex along with many steroidal hormones. It has mainly glucocorticoidal activity and some degree of mineralo-corticoid activity. 

Thus, in patients with Addison s disease or other forms of adrenal insufficiency, continuing oral administration of cortisone acetate or fludrocortisone acetate enables salt balance to be restored. Other corticosteriods and analogues that have been used in the hormonal control of sodium levels include aldosterone and deoxycortone acetate. Individual corticosteroids vary in the extent to which they possess the various hormonal activities so that combination therapy is usually required if, for example, mineral balances are to be maintained when corticosteroids are administered for their anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic or anti-allergic properties. 

Cortisone is a corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex. It has glucocorticoid activity, as well as appreciable mineralocorticoid activity 25 mg cortisone acetate is equivalent in anti-inflammatory activity to about 5 mg prednisolone. 

Orally administered corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of chronic bronchial asthma. The inhalation route has been widely used in attempts to avoid systemic side-effects, such as adrenal suppression, but evidence suggests that inhaled steroids are absorbed systemically to a significant extent. The respiratory tract epithelium has permeability characteristics similar to those of the classical biological membrane, so lipid-soluble compounds are absorbed more rapidly than lipid-insoluble molecules. Cortisone, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone are absorbed rapidly by a nonsaturable diffusion process from the lung, the half-time of absorption being of the order of 1-1.7 min. Quaternary ammonium compounds, hippurates and mannitol have absorption half-times, in contrast, of between 45 and 70 min. 

Corlan hydrocortisone, corticoliberin corticotrophin-releasing factor, corticorelin corticotrophin-releasing factor. CORTICOSTEROIDS as a family are natural steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, or are synthetic substances that closely resemble them. There are two main types GLUCOCORTICOIDS (corticosterone. cortisone and hydrocortisone) are essential for utilization of carbohydrate, fat and protein in the body, and in the normal response to stress. Naturally occurring and synthetic glucocorticoids have a powerful antiinflammatory effect. 

A -cortisol prednisolone, cortisone (ban. inn] (cortisone acetate [usan] Kendall s compound E Reichstein s Substance Fa Wintersteiner s compound F NSC 9703 Cortisyl ) is a natural adrenal cortical hormone, a CORTICOSTEROID, which is converted to hydrocortisone in the liver. It has both GLUCOCORTICOID and MINERALOCORTICOID activity. It can therefore be used orally to make up for hormonal deficiency (especially mineral balance), for instance, following surgical removal of the adrenal glands. It can also be used for its ANTIINFLAMMATORY and ANTIALLERGIC properties in treating rheumatoid arthritis and in rheumatic fever therapy, cortisone acetate cortisone. 

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