Corrosion toxicity

To prepare gas for evacuation it is necessary to separate the gas and liquid phases and extract or inhibit any components in the gas which are likely to cause pipeline corrosion or blockage. Components which can cause difficulties are water vapour (corrosion, hydrates), heavy hydrocarbons (2-phase flow or wax deposition in pipelines), and contaminants such as carbon dioxide (corrosion) and hydrogen sulphide (corrosion, toxicity). In the case of associated gas, if there is no gas market, gas may have to be flared or re-injected. If significant volumes of associated gas are available it may be worthwhile to extract natural gas liquids (NGLs) before flaring or reinjection. Gas may also have to be treated for gas lifting or for use as a fuel. 

Figure 7-8J. Exploded view of double disk assembly. Usually burst pressure is same for each disk. Used for corrosive/toxic conditions to avoid premature loss of process and at remote locations. Note the use of tell-tale between disks. By permission, Fike Metal Products Div., Flke Corporation, Inc.

Listing effluents, their analyses and discharge from processes. Querying flammability, corrosivity, toxicity, miscibility, reactivity. Checking the reliability of treatment and analysis. Consent limits. 

HF anhydrous hydrogen fluoride heat generation, liberating toxic vapors heat generation, liberating toxic vapors strong acid corrosive toxic vapor and liquid ... 

In-sewer processes, e.g., hydrogen sulfide formation and fermentation, may cause corrosion, toxicity, and odor problems. 

Say you have to separate a mixture of benzoic acid (1), phenol (2), p-tolui-dine (4-Methylanaline) (3), and anisole (methoxybenzene) (4) by extraction. The numbers refer to the class of compound, as previously listed. We re assuming that none of the compounds react with any of the others and that you know we re using all four types as indicated. Phenol and 4-methylanaline are corrosive toxic poisons and if you get near these compounds in lab, be very careful. When they are used as an example on these pages, however, you are quite safe. Here s a sequence of tactics. 

Flammability or explosivity Corrosivity Toxicity Carcinogenicity or teratogenicity Breathability (noxious or poisonous fumes) Electrical (high voltage or current) Light (intense sources, such as lasers, UV lamps) Radioactivity/Radiation... 

An extensive review has been conducted to identify potential oxygenates for blending into diesel fuels [55]. Over 70 molecules were identified and tested, taking into account numerous physical properties such as oxygen content, flash point, viscosity, cetane number, corrosivity, toxicity, and miscibility with diesel blends. Five key aspects were considered critical to develop commercially valuable diesel additives ... 

Any chemical substance, if improperly managed or disposed of, may pose a danger to living organisms, materials, structures, or the environment, by explosion or fire hazards, corrosion, toxicity to organisms, or other detrimental effects. In addition, when released to the environment, many chemical substances can be classified as hazardous or nonhazardous. Consideration must be given to the distribution of chemical wastes on land systems, in water systems, and in the atmosphere. 

Smoke opacity is another increasingly important characteristic measured by optical density. Fire-retardant additives can be halogenated or halogen-free, which reduces the corrosivity, toxicity and pollution risks. 

Process designers sometimes like to use dephlegmators or partial condensers mounted directly in the top of the distillation column when the overhead product is taken off as a vapor. They arc particularly popular for corrosive, toxic, or hard-to-handle chemicals since they eliminate a. separate condenser shell, a reflux drum, and a reflux pump. Comment on the relative controllability of the two process systems sketched below. 

The reaction mixture and products are highly corrosive, toxic, and very lachrymatory. 

The generator of a waste must determine if the waste is hazardous. To do this, the generator must determine if the waste is specifically listed as a hazardous waste (Article 9, CCR), and/or if it is a characteristic hazardous waste (ignitable, corrosive, toxic, reactive) (Article 11, CCR). Certain wastes are also classified as "extremely hazardous wastes." These are listed in Article 9, CCR and their characteristics are identified in Article 11, CCR. 

See Potassium Dichromate, Sodium Dichromate, and Sulfuric Acid. Very corrosive toxic. 

Colorless liquid mp, -54°C bp, 69°C used for organic synthesis, corrosive toxic irritant... 

Anhydrous zinc chloride (FW 136.28), 2.09 g, 15.4 mmol corrosive, toxic... 

On long storage, even at the temperature of —80°, nitryl chloride darkens in color. Decomposition is probably accelerated by light. The compound is a corrosive, toxic substance possessing a chlorinelike odor. It attacks organic matter rapidly, sometimes explosively. Its chemical properties have been studied.5,8-10... 

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