Coronary heart disease prevalence

Schaefer, E. J., Zech, L. A., Schwartz, D. E., and Brewer, H. B., Jr., Coronary heart disease prevalence and other clinical features in familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease). Ann. Intern. Med. 93, 261-266 (1980). 

The statistical significance of many published reports varies with some studies demonstrating a highly significant beneficial effect of exercise (16), and other studies showing a favorable trend, but a statistically insignificant value. A few studies showed no difference in coronary heart disease prevalence among physically active compared to physically inactive individuals. 

Hakim IA, Alsaif MA, Alduwaihy M, Al-Rubeaan K, Al-Nuaim AR and Al-Attas OS. 2003. Tea consumption and the prevalence of coronary heart disease in Saudi adults results from a Saudi national study. Prev Med 36 64-70. 

Fig. 1.3 Prevalence of coronary heart disease by age and sex, NHANES (1999-2002). Adapted from reference [8]...

The well-known French paradox was first noted by Irish physician Samuel Black in 1819. Back in the nineteenth century, he was the first to observe the fact that people in France suffer relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease, despite their diet being rich in saturated fats. It was proposed that France s profound red wine consumption is a primary factor contributing to the protective effect. The first scientific evidence, however, for the cardiovascular benefits of red wine was put forward by Renaud and his associates in 1992 [Renaud and Lorgeril, 1992]. In this study, popularly known as the French paradox, the researchers found that there had been a low mortality rate from, and incidence of, coronary heart disease among French men above the age of 40 years compared to men in the United Kingdom and the United States, despite their high consumption of saturated fats and the prevalence of other... 

Thrombomodulin mutations are more important in arterial diseases than in venous diseases. The thrombomodulin polymorphism, G—>A substitution at nucleotide position 127 in the gene, has been studied regarding its relation with the arterial disease. The 25 Thr allele has been reported to be more prevalent in male patients with myocardial infarction than the control population (25). Polymorphism in the thrombomodulin gene promoter (-33 G/A) influences the plasma soluble thrombomodulin levels and causes increased risk of coronary heart disease (26). Carriership of the -33A allele was also reported to cause increased occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis in patients less than 60 years (27). 

Horrobin, D.F., Low prevalences of coronary heart disease (CHD), psoriasis, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis in Eskimos are they caused by high dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a genetic... 

Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Fenton, S., Brown, C.A. 1996. Does dietary trans fatty acid intake relate to the prevalence of coronary heart disease in Scotland Eur. Heart J. 17,837-845. 

Up to 30% of all coronary heart disease deaths have been attributed to unhealthy diets. In 1980, 8% of women were obese and 6% of men. By 1998, however, the prevalence had almost trebled to 21% of women and 17% of men. The four most common problems linked to obesity are heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and osteoarthritis (National Audit Office, 2001). 

South Asian populations. People of South Asian origin in the UK have a high prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke, central obesity (as evidenced by high waist-to-hip ratio), insulin resistance, non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes and hypertension (Cappuccio 1997 Kain et al. 2002 Bhopal et al. 2005). This increase in vascular risk seems to be partly a result of genetic susceptibility, such as high serum lipoprotein A levels, and partly dietary- and lifestyle-induced changes in lipid levels. 

Khot U N, Khot MB, et al. Prevalence of conventional risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA 2003 290 898-904. 

Initial interest in cholesterol and Alzheimer s disease stemmed from a lengthy historical backdrop. One of the first studies hnking cholesterol to AD stemmed from an observation that senile plaques were quite prevalent in the brains of non-demented patients who had died from coronary heart disease [21], a population known to possess elevated cholesterol levels. Additional studies soon followed demonstrating that the ApoE4 allele of the ApoE cholesterol transporter was a major risk factor for AD [ 13 -16]. Is there a clear association between cholesterol and Alzheimer s disease ... 

Recent research also indicates an association between tomato consumption (fresh and processed) and protection against cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease (CHD) has a high prevalence in western countries and is increasing in Asian countries due to changes in socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle, and diet. The link between LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis is hypothesized to be the basis for a beneficial effect of antioxidants in general on the incidence of subclinical and clinical CHD. 

Assman E, Schulte H. The prospective cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study prevalence of hyper-lipidaemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J. 1988 116 1713-1724. 

Esrey KL, Joseph L, Grover SA. Relationship between dietary intake and coronary heart disease mortality lipid research clinics prevalence follow-up study. J. Clin Epidemiol. 1996 2 211-216. 

The multifactorial nature of depression resembles that of other complex disorders such as diabetes mellitus or coronary heart disease. Indeed, research has increasingly discovered the relevance of depressive symptoms for the development and course of diabetes, particularly in diabetes type 2, with up to one fourth of all patients with diabetes mellitus suffering from depressive symptoms up to and including states of depressive disorders (Kruse et al., 2006). Similarly, an independent association has been found between major depression and coronary heart disease (Perlmutter et al., 2000). Indeed, the 1-month prevalence of depression in coronary heart disease patients is approximately 15%, threefold higher than that observed in the community (Rozanski et al., 1999). In patients with coronary heart disease, depression has been associated with a 2.5 -fold increase in the occurrence of cardiovascular events (Rozanski et al., 1999). Recent evidence has brought to notice the important role of NO in this connection (Chrapko et al, 2004), which not only is an important... 

The distribution of plasma cholesterol between HDL, on one hand, and VLDL/ IDL/LDL on the other, is strongly related to the prevalence of coronary heart disease. LTP are able to catalyse cholesterylester transport in either direction. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanism of action and regulation of lipid transfer processes should contribute to our understanding of atherogenesis. 

In the western countries the most prevalent form of heart disease is coronary heart disease, i.e. the sequelae of atherosclerosis [18] of the coronary arteries. Culmination of coronary arteriosclerosis is manifested by erratic heart activity, arrhythmia or fibrillation, i.e. in drastic cases by coronary occlusion, myocardial infarction and sudden death. Mortality from coronary heart disease varies greatly from one country to the other. The following statistics represent the death rate due to coronary heart disease among the male population between the ages of... 

In the elderly, the symptoms of pain, pressure, or tightness, may he modified and more ill defined actually they may be minimal to absent. Similarly, asymptomatic coronary heart disease with silent myocardial infarction and silent ischemia is more prevalent in the elderly. Epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of claudication to be as high as 10%... 

Stevenow L, Karlsson S, Lilia B, Lindgarde F. High prevalence of coronary heart disease in patients with intermittent claudication. Acta Chir Scand 1988 154 447-451. 

It is a fallacy to believe that individuals with risk factors for cardiovascular events like smoking, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia can neutralize or minimize their adverse effects by exercise. In the Seven Countries Study (23,24), Finland had the highest overall prevalence of coronary heart disease. The Finnish population consumes large amounts of animal fat. Fiimish lumberjacks are an example of physically active people in whom the risk for coronary heart disease remains high (25). The approach to prevent coronary heart disease should be multifaceted... 

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