Copper chromate, wood preservative

Hingston, J.A., Collins, C.D., Murphy, R.J. and Lester, J.N. (2001) Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives a review. Environmental Pollution, 111, 53-66. 

Amomonical copper arsenate Chromated copper arsenate Wood preservatives. 

Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives A review. Environmental Pollution 111 ... 

Bull DC (1998) Chemical recovery of chromated copper arsenate wood preservative sludges. 

CCA Type C Wood Preservative. [CSI] Chromate copper arsenate wood preservative. 

The commercial uses of arsenic compounds in 1988, measured in terms of elemental arsenic, are wood (qv) preservatives, 69% agricultural products (herbicides (qv) and desiccants (qv)), 23% glass (qv), 4% nonferrous alloys and electronics, 2% and animal feed additives and pharmaceuticals (qv), 2% (see Feeds AND feed additives). Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) [11125-95-4] is the most widely used arsenic-based wood preservative. The Environmental Protection Agency has, however, restricted the use of arsenical wood preservatives to certified appHcators. 

Wood Preservation. The use of chromium compounds ia wood preservation is largely because of the excellent results achieved by chromated copper arsenate (CCA), available ia three modifications under a variety of trade names. The treated wood (qv) is free from bleeding, has an attractive ohve-green color, and is paintable. CCA is widely used, especially ia treating utility poles, bull ding lumber, and wood foundations. About 62% of all the chromic acid produced ia the United States is consumed by the wood preservation industry (77,167) (see Building materials, survey). 

Weis, P., J.S. Weis, and J. Couch. 1993a. Histopathology and bioaccumulation in oysters Crassostrea virginica living on wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 17 41 -46. 

The neutral and basic forms of copper(ll) chromate are used as mordants in dyeing textiles as fungicides to protect textiles from damage by microorganisms and insects and as wood preservatives. 

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is used as a wood preservative. According to the technology developer, CCA-treated wood products resist decay and deterioration and are immune to moisture... 

In several wood-preserving facilities, other wood preservatives such as creosote and chromate-copper—arsenate (CCA) have been used in addition to PCP (e.g., Lamar Glaser, 1994 Mueller et al., 1991a Mahaffey et al., 1991). Environmental contamination by chemical mixtures is likely in these sites. When PCP has been dissolved in an organic carrier such as oil, soil is also contaminated with the solvent (Trudell et al., 1994 Lamar Dietrich, 1990). Chlorinated dimeric impurities in technical CP formulations are also found in contaminated soil. Design of successful bioremediation must address the effects of other chemicals on CP biodegradation. 

Water-borne preservatives are divided into two categories. One group which includes acid copper chromate, chromated zinc chloride, copperized chromated zinc arsenate and fluorchrome-arsenate-phenol is used where the wood is not subjected to excessive leaching. The second group, ammoniacal copper arseuite and three types of chromated copper arsenate which react to become practically water insoluble, are used at about 0.6 lb/ft3 (9.6 kg/m3) when wood is placed in ground contact under severe service conditions. 

The timber used in this type of cooling tower is commonly pressure-treated redwood, Douglas fir, and other wood species, the preservative being chromated copper arsenate or, more usually today, acid copper chromate. Despite the wood preservative, it is not uncommon to find wood decay and biological fouling of the plenum area and drift eliminators. 

Arsenic(V) oxide (AS2O5) is not very common in nature. However, the compound was often synthesized and once widely used in a variety of manufacturing processes, such as in the production of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood preservatives (Chapter 5). The synthesis of AS2O5 usually involves the oxidation of AS2O3 or As(0) with nitric acid or other oxidants followed by dehydration (Cotton et al., 1999), 400. At 315 °C and higher, AS2O5 decomposes to AS4O6 vapor and O2 (Table 2.6). In water,... 

Arsenicals of recent interest include the wood preservatives chromated copper arsenate (CCA) (Chapter 5). Because of the concern over the potential toxic effects of arsenic in the preservative, in an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the wood preservative industry voluntary phased out the use of CCA in wood for residential use in 2003 (Katz and Salem, 2005). However, CCA-treated wood can still be used in industrial applications. A problem in the future will be how to safely dispose of CCA-treated wood (Chapter 7). 

According to Ottosen el al. (2004, 296) Denmark, an EU member, has banned chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood preservatives. 

The most commonly used pesticide is not one we normally call to mind when we consider pesticide use to control insects, weeds and plant diseases in agriculture and forestry. It is creosote, a wood preservative. Its use exceeds that of all other pesticides combined, being used in an amount of approximately 15 million pounds per year. Other wood preservatives in the top ten are pentachlorophenol and chromated copper arsenate, the third and sixth most used pesticides, respectively. The second most commonly used pesticide is a soil fumigant, DD or telone, used at about 3 million pounds per year. 

Wood preserved with Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA), a chemical mixture consisting of three pesticidal compounds (arsenic, chromium and copper)... 

The widely used wood preservative chromated copper arsenate is converted to trimethylarsine by the yeast Candida humiculus (Cullen et a/., 1984). Chromated copper arsenate is quite similar to the arsenical wallpaper pigments that had triggered Gosio s work. 

Cullen, W.R., McBride, B.C., Pickett, A.W., Reglinski, J. (1984). The wood preservative chromated copper arsenate is a substrate for frimethylarsine biosynthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47 443-4. 

---