Chromated copper arsenate-treated wood

Nico, P.S., Ruby, M.V., Lowney, Y.W. and Holm, S.E. (2006) Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic and chromium in chromated copper arsenate-treated wood and soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(1), 402-8. 

Helsen L. and Van den Buick E, (2000) Kinetics of the low-temperature pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate-treated wood. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 53, 51-79. 

Helsen L, and Van den Buick E. (2(XK)) Metal Behaviour During the Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Chromated Copper Arsenate Treated Wood Waste, accepted for publication in Environ. Sci. TechnoL. 

Morrell, J.J. and Huffman, J. (2004) Copper, chromium, and arsenic levels in soils surrounding posts treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Wood and Fiber Science, 36(1), 119-28. 

United States was used for this purpose. The most common compound used for this purpose was chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Wood preserved with CCA is referred to as pressure-treated wood. Wood treated with CCA is now recognized as a health hazard. Many authorities believe that humans and other animals exposed to pressure-treated wood may develop health problems because of arsenic present in the wood. For this reason, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a ban on the use of CCA for treating wood, effective December 31, 2003. Pressure-treated wood may no longer be used for residential construction, although its use for industrial production is still permitted. 

Wood Preservation. The use of chromium compounds ia wood preservation is largely because of the excellent results achieved by chromated copper arsenate (CCA), available ia three modifications under a variety of trade names. The treated wood (qv) is free from bleeding, has an attractive ohve-green color, and is paintable. CCA is widely used, especially ia treating utility poles, bull ding lumber, and wood foundations. About 62% of all the chromic acid produced ia the United States is consumed by the wood preservation industry (77,167) (see Building materials, survey). 

Transfer of copper from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) occurs in estuarine algae (Ulva, Enteromorpha), American oysters, mud snails (Nassarius obsoletus), and fiddler crabs (IJca spp. Weis and Weis 1992). Algae, barnacles, andmussels from CCA-treated lumber show elevated concentrations of copper when compared to reference sites. The epibiotic estuarine community that... 

Weis, J.S. and P. Weis. 1993. Trophic transfer of contaminants from organisms living by chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA)-treated wood to their predators. Jour. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 168 25-34. 

By far the largest use of arsenic is in treating wood to prevent decay or insect damage. Several compounds are used, but the vast majority of wood is treated with a pesticide called chromated copper arsenate (CCA). CCA is a water-based mixture of inorganic salts of chromium, copper, and arsenic that is forced into the wood... 

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is used as a wood preservative. According to the technology developer, CCA-treated wood products resist decay and deterioration and are immune to moisture... 

The timber used in this type of cooling tower is commonly pressure-treated redwood, Douglas fir, and other wood species, the preservative being chromated copper arsenate or, more usually today, acid copper chromate. Despite the wood preservative, it is not uncommon to find wood decay and biological fouling of the plenum area and drift eliminators. 

Helsen, L. and Van den Bulck, E. (2004) Review of thermochemical conversion processes as disposal technologies for chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste, in Environmental Impacts of Preservative-Treated Wood, Florida Center for Environmental Solutions, Conference, Gainesville, Florida, February 8-11, Orlando, FL, pp. 277-94. 

Arsenicals of recent interest include the wood preservatives chromated copper arsenate (CCA) (Chapter 5). Because of the concern over the potential toxic effects of arsenic in the preservative, in an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the wood preservative industry voluntary phased out the use of CCA in wood for residential use in 2003 (Katz and Salem, 2005). However, CCA-treated wood can still be used in industrial applications. A problem in the future will be how to safely dispose of CCA-treated wood (Chapter 7). 

Review of various treatment technologies for chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood... 

Saxe, J.K., Wannamaker, E.J., Conklin, S.W. et al. (2007) Evaluating landfill disposal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood and potential effects on groundwater evidence from Florida. Chemosphere, 66(3), 496-504. 

USEPA (2003c) Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) Cancellation of residential uses of CCA-treated wood. Washington, DC, United States Environmental Protection Agency (http //www.epa.gov/oppad001/reregistration/cca/residential use cancellation.htm). 

Figure 4 Relative contribution by exposure route to predicted dose Estimated population lifetime average daily dose of arsenic for children exposed to chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood playsets and decks in warm climate regions (from Zartarian et al., 2006).

Ostmeyer JG, Elder TJ, Winandy JE (1989) Spectroscopic analysis of southern pine treated with chromated copper arsenate II Diffuse-reflectance Founer-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) J Wood Chem Technol 9 105-122 Owen NL, Thomas DW (1989) Infrared studies of hard and soft woods Appl Spectrosc 43 451-455... 

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