Cooling water systems heat exchangers

Jacket Cooling Circulating Water System Heat Exchanger and Bypass... 

The presence of aggressive microbes may also be quite severe in industrial water-handling systems, for example, cooling water and injection water systems, heat exchangers, wastewater treatment facilities, storage tanks, piping systems, and all manner of power plants, including those based on fossil fuels, hydroelectric, and nuclear [8]. Table 7.2 lists potential problem areas by industry [9]. 

Essentially all industrial metals are susceptible to SCC in some specific environment. Of the metals commonly used in cooling water systems, copper-based alloys and stainless steels are most frequently affected. Common specific corrodents causing SCC in these and other heat exchanger metals are listed in Table 9.1. 

Platinised-titanium installations have now been in use for 30 years for jetties, ships and submarines and for internal protection, particularly of cooling-water systems . For the protection of heat exchangers an extruded anode of approximately 6 mm in diameter (copper-cored titanium-platinum) has shown a reduction in current requirement (together with improved longitudinal current spread) over cantilever anodes of some 30% . This continuous or coaxial anode is usually fitted around the water box periphery a few centimetres away from the tubeplate. 

From these reasons, almost large snow cooling systems adopted indirect heat exchanging system. In indirect system, a water-water-type heat exchanger is used between primary and secondary system. Figure 186 shows an application of direct heat exchange system. 

The secondary circuit uses water from any water distribution network or, when possible, from a centralized cooled-water system. The heat dissipated from the magnet and from the power supply into the primary cooling circuit is transferred to the secondary circuit by means of a high-performance counter-current heat exchanger. 

Cooling water systems exist to provide efficient heat exchange for various industrial and other processes. And anything that interferes with the efficiency of heat exchange inevitably results in higher costs or lost production... 

The volume of the liquid in the shell (total shell volume minus tube volume) is typically equal to the tube volume. A circulating cooling water system is assumed, and a high circulation rate of the process liquid is assumed. So the temperature in the shell is Tc, and the temperature in the tubes is TR. The linear and nonlinear models are the same as for the jacket-cooled CSTR except the volume and area of the heat exchanger are used instead of the jacket volume and area. 

Dynamic. The coolant is assumed to be perfectly mixed as would be the situation in a circulating cooling water system. The holdup of the coolant is specified, so the dynamics of the jacket, coil, or external heat exchanger are taken into consideration. 

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