Water handling systems

In many commercial emulsion-breaking applications, conventional emulsion-breaking chemistries will also achieve desired oil-in-water contents and acceptable interface quality. However, these results are not always accomplished. Reverse emulsions are not usually resolved by conventional emulsion-breaking chemistries. The addition of a specific reverse-emulsion breaker, either to the crude-oil stream or to the water-handling system, may be required to produce desired water quality parameters. 

S. Maxwell, C. Devine, F. Rooney, I. Spark. Monitoring and control of bacterial biofihns in oilfield water handling systems. Paper No. 04752, Corrosion 2004, NACE International, Honston, TX, 2004. 

Recreational water is a term used to refer to a variety of water types swimming pools, spas (hot tubs are a subset of spas with a wooden shell), water amusement parks, ocean beaches, rivers, and lakes. Swimming pools and spas are the only recreational waters that are routinely treated with biocides. Water parks may or may not apply biocides in their water handling systems. From a biocide supplier view, and the definition used in this chapter, recreational water will refer exclusively to swimming pools and spas. 

Most nuclear power plants today are operated as base load plants, but with some ability to load-follow. For PWRs, this load following capability is achieved by means of systems that manage the boron concentration of the reactor coolant water by recycling the boron in and out, on a short time scale. This requires elaborate and complicated boron and water handling systems outside the containment, and results in restrictions on the rate of load follow available. 

The presence of aggressive microbes may also be quite severe in industrial water-handling systems, for example, cooling water and injection water systems, heat exchangers, wastewater treatment facilities, storage tanks, piping systems, and all manner of power plants, including those based on fossil fuels, hydroelectric, and nuclear [8]. Table 7.2 lists potential problem areas by industry [9]. 

Maxwell S, Devine C, Rooney F, Spark I (2004) Monitoring and control of bacterial biofilms in oilfield water handling systems. Paper 04752. CORROSION 2004 NACE International Houston Texas USA... 

The effects on offshore structures can be categorised as external effects (such as environmental effects on external surfaces of these structures) and internal effects (such as MIC problems in water handling system and oil production system). 

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