Soap Cooling

The slides d are closed, the screw I) released, and the box B moved away to make room for another. At the end of the rail track is an ejecting device which pushes the cooled soap out of the tubes, and the truck is run back on a side track to the machine for use over... 

This remainder of glycerine is used in order to dissolve in it the colouring and aromatic substances, and is only added when the soap has cooled. If the cooled soap should be too thick, then this drawback can be remedied by the addition of a fairly eon-centrated pearlash solution (not caustic). The ordinary proportion of the glycerine addition to this soap is b parts of glycerine to 1 part of oleine, to be saponified. 

Other factors also impact the type of crystals formed upon cooling of hot soap. Water activity or moisture content contribute to the final crystal state as a result of the different phases containing different levels of hydration. Any additive that changes the water activity changes the crystallization pathway. For example, the addition of salt reduces the water activity of the mixture and pushes the equiUbrium state toward the lower moisture crystal stmcture. Additionally, the replacement of sodium with other counter cations influences the crystallization. For example, the replacement of sodium with potassium drives toward the formation of 5-phase. 

The fatty acids that emerge from the top of the column contain entrained water, partially hydroly2ed fat, and the Zn—soap catalyst. This product stream is passed into a vacuum dryer stage where the water is removed through vapori2ation and the fatty acid cooled as a result of this vapori2ation process. The dried product stream is then passed to a distillation system. 

Framing. The framed bar process is by far the oldest and the most straightforward process utilized in the production of bar soaps. The wet base soap is pumped into a heated, agitated vessel commonly referred to as a cmtcher. The minor ingredients used in soap bars such as fragrance or preservative are added to the wet soap in the cmtcher or injected in-line after reduction of product stream temperature. The hot mixture is then pumped into molds and allowed to cool. 

Deodorant and cologne sticks are formed by allowing sodium stearate to gel in a suitable organic solvent, usually ethanol or propylene glycol. The soap and the solvent are heated under reflux until the soap is dissolved. The solution is cooled to about 60°C fragrance, color, and the like are added and the mass is placed into suitable containers. 

Monomer conversion (79) is followed by measuring the specific gravity of the emulsion. The polymerization is stopped at 91% conversion (sp gr 1.069) by adding a xylene solution of tetraethylthiuram disulfide. The emulsion is cooled to 20°C and aged at this temperature for about 8 hours to peptize the polymer. During this process, the disulfide reacts with and cleaves polysulfide chain segments. Thiuram disulfide also serves to retard formation of gel polymer in the finished dry product. After aging, the alkaline latex is acidified to pH 5.5—5.8 with 10% acetic acid. This effectively stops the peptization reaction and neutralizes the rosin soap (80). 

Crystallization generally involves the evaporation and subsequent cooling of a solution to the point of supersaturation, whereupon the formation of crystals takes place. Modern technology often focus on the control of crystal size, since product demands frequently are rigorous in this regard. The process of crystallization is often conducted in evaporators. As in the evaporation of salt and in the recovery of salt and glycerin in soap manufacturing, salt separators are used to remove crystallized materials as rapidly as it settles. 

A cooling, lubricating, and cleaning agent for use by the metalworking industry has been patented. It is produced by the condensation reaction of an excess diethanolamine or monoethanolamine with boric acid and an ether carboxylic acid or mixtures of ether carboxylic acids and fatty acids [46]. An advantage of these products is that they prevent the deposition of lime soaps. 

Heat the oil phase and water phase to about 65° C. Add the oil phase slowly to the aqueous phase with stirring to form a crude emulsion. Cool to about 50°C and homogenize. Cool with agitation until congealed. Note In this classic preparation, the stearic acid reacts with the alkaline borate to form the emulsifying stearate soap. VIII. Paste (zinc oxide paste, USP) Zinc oxide 25%... 

Alternatively, a sequence of pervaporation steps can be used to remove the reaction water (Figure 4.10). The reaction solution is pumped through a first fixed-bed reactor and afterwards a pervaporation module is used to remove the water at 80 °C. The solution is subsequently cooled to 60 °C and passed through a second reactor unit. After the next pervaporation step the water content is lowered to 0.2 wt%. By this process, isopropyl myristate is produced from myristyric acid. This and other esters of isopropyl alcohol are used in soaps, skin creams, lubricants and greases [43],... 

Casualties/personnel Aeration and ventilation. If decontamination is deemed necessary, remove all clothing as it may contain "trapped" agent. Flush skin with cool water followed by showering with copious amounts of soap and warm water. Do not use hot water as it will increase the burning sensation on the skin. Ensure that the hair has been washed and rinsed to remove potentially trapped vapor. For severe eye irritation, irrigate with water or 0.9% saline solution for a minimum of 15 minutes. Do not allow casualties to rub their eyes or skin as this may exacerbate agent effects. 

Next morning, when the material has cooled, the solid cake of soap is lifted out and washed to remove adherent alkali. It may be cut into small pieces by means of a thin wire and then left to dry for several weeks. 

The sodium salts of the higher fatty acids are sparingly soluble in cold water but more readily in hot. Dissolve a small piece of soap in the minimum amount of boiling water in a beaker and allow the solution to cool a stiff jelly is formed. 

The aqueous extracts containing the soaps are freed from dissolved petrol ether by heating in a beaker on the boiling water bath, and the fatty adds are then precipitated with hydrochloric acid they set to a cake on cooling. The yield is A-5 g. 

Experiment.—Dissolve 0-4 g. of the acetic acid-desoxycholic acid compound, prepared as above, in 4 c.c. of 2A-sodium hydroxide. Prepare also from about 100 mg. of the fatty acids isolated, by boiling with a few cubic centimetres of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, a soap solution and cool it till it sets to a jelly. Add part of the solution of desoxycholic-acetic acid. The soap dissolves. 

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